Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Angin-
tightness with pain
Angio
vessel
endo
within, inner
brady-
slow
edema
excessive fluid in tissues
brady-card-ia
condition of a slow heart
electro-cardi-o-gram
a recording of the electric current of the heart
Emia-
condition of the blood
myo-cardi-al
presence of heart muscle
infarct
area of tissue death
thrombo
clot
peri-card-itis
inflammation around the heart
steth-o-scope
instrument to examine the chest
tachy-
rapid, fast
what is the function of blood?
blood is the transporting fluid of the body
- carries nutrients, oxygen, waste products, and hormones
- distributes heat
- regulates acid base balance
- fights infection
- produces clots
what are Erythrocytes
- red blood cells
- hemoglobin is the pigment that give RBC’s their color
- hemoglobin is made of a protien molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme
- hemoglobin is vital to the function of RBCs becauce it allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be transported the red blood cell is like a little red bus for the oxygen
what is plasma
- a straw colored fluid containing 92% water
- Also contains
: fibrinogen- necessary for clotting
: antibodies
: nutrients- glucose, fatty acids, cholesterol, and amino acids
: electrolytes- sodium, potassium, and calcium
: hormones
: vitamins
:waste products
What are leukocytes
- protect against injury and infection by
1. Destroying invaders
2. creating antibodies
3. cleaning up cellular remains after inflammation
4 walling off infected areas
What are thrombocytes
- platelets or clotting cells
- platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells
- platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibers to form a net this net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot
erythropoietin
a hormone produced by the kidneys
hematopoiesis
production of all blood cells
erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells
What is embolism
-mass of solid, liquid, or gass that travels through the blood stream, causing occlusion (obstruction) of a blood vessel
what is Thrombus
- a blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel and stays attached to the side in which it developeed
- if it detaches from the wall and enters thne blood stream, the clot becomes an embolus
What is septicemia
-an infection in the blood
what is leukemia
-cancer of the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow; causes an excessive increase in WBC’s
What is Anemia
-disorder involving a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
What is the function of arteries
- carries oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood (except the) pulmonary artery
- carries blood away from the heart
What are the 3 thick layers of the artery
outer- fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscle that gives it elasticity
Middle- muscle cells arranged in a circular fashion that enables the vessels to dilate and constrict
inner- smooth and shiny
what is the largest artery in the body
aorta
What are capillaries
the thinnest vessels; they connect the arteries and the veins The exchange of gasses and nutrients take place in the capillaries.
What is the function of veins
carry deoxygenated blood (oxygen poor) blood to the heart
How are veins structured
-similar to arteries but the layers are thinner
What is the function of valves
-to prevent backflow of blood. In addition, the contraction of skeletal muscles assist in venous return to the heart
What does the inferior venacava do
largest vein in body
-gathers all oxygen poor blood from the lower body and returns it to the right side of the heart
What does the superior vena cava do
gathers all the oxygen poor blood from above the heart (the head and chest) and returns it to the right side of the heart
what is arteriosclerosis
thickening of arterial walls because of loss of elasticity
what is atherosclerosis
deposits of fatty substances form along the arterial walls
what are varicose veins
swollen veins due to a slowing of blood flow back to the heart. this weight causes distention of the valves
What is peripheral vascular disease
(PVD) condition caused by a blockage in the arteries, usually in the legs
What is an aneurysm
a ballooning out or weakening in the wall of a blood vessel
What do the coronary arteries do
supply oxygen rich blood to the myocardium
what do the coronary veins do
remove waste products from the myocardium
What is systemic circulation
- oxygen rich blood is carried away from the heart by the arteries
- oxygen poor blood is returned to the heart by the veins
how does blood get from the heart to the cells
- oxygen rich blood is carried away from the heart in arteries to arterioles to capillaries to the cells
- Oxygen poor blood is carried from the cells to capillaries, then to venules to the veins back to the heart
What is cardiac output
the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute
what is the formula for cardiac output
heart rate x stroke volume
what is stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat
What makes the lubb sound
when the tricuspid and mitral valves close
what makes the dubb sound
when the pulmonary and aortic valves close.
what is an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
a picture of the electrical impulses that travel through the heart
what is the Sinoatrial node (SA node)
- natural pacemaker in right atrium
- where the electrical rhythm of the heart starts
- sends impulses throughout the rest of the heart, stimulating the heart to squeeze
what is an arrhythmia
- any change or deviation from the normal heart rhythm
- this is when something other than your SA node is starting the rhythm. It can come from someplace in the atria or the ventricle. It is usually a faster than normal rate
What is the problem that occurs with arrhythmia
the person will usually have decreased cardiac output due to the faster beating of the heart.
