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Medical > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Angin-

A

tightness with pain

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2
Q

Angio

A

vessel

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3
Q

endo

A

within, inner

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4
Q

brady-

A

slow

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5
Q

edema

A

excessive fluid in tissues

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6
Q

brady-card-ia

A

condition of a slow heart

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7
Q

electro-cardi-o-gram

A

a recording of the electric current of the heart

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8
Q

Emia-

A

condition of the blood

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9
Q

myo-cardi-al

A

presence of heart muscle

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10
Q

infarct

A

area of tissue death

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11
Q

thrombo

A

clot

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12
Q

peri-card-itis

A

inflammation around the heart

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13
Q

steth-o-scope

A

instrument to examine the chest

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14
Q

tachy-

A

rapid, fast

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15
Q

what is the function of blood?

A

blood is the transporting fluid of the body

  • carries nutrients, oxygen, waste products, and hormones
  • distributes heat
  • regulates acid base balance
  • fights infection
  • produces clots
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16
Q

what are Erythrocytes

A
  • red blood cells
  • hemoglobin is the pigment that give RBC’s their color
  • hemoglobin is made of a protien molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme
  • hemoglobin is vital to the function of RBCs becauce it allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be transported the red blood cell is like a little red bus for the oxygen
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17
Q

what is plasma

A
  • a straw colored fluid containing 92% water
  • Also contains
    : fibrinogen- necessary for clotting
    : antibodies
    : nutrients- glucose, fatty acids, cholesterol, and amino acids
    : electrolytes- sodium, potassium, and calcium
    : hormones
    : vitamins
    :waste products
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18
Q

What are leukocytes

A
  • protect against injury and infection by
    1. Destroying invaders
    2. creating antibodies
    3. cleaning up cellular remains after inflammation
    4 walling off infected areas
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19
Q

What are thrombocytes

A
  • platelets or clotting cells
  • platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells
  • platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibers to form a net this net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot
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20
Q

erythropoietin

A

a hormone produced by the kidneys

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21
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of all blood cells

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22
Q

erythropoiesis

A

production of red blood cells

23
Q

What is embolism

A

-mass of solid, liquid, or gass that travels through the blood stream, causing occlusion (obstruction) of a blood vessel

24
Q

what is Thrombus

A
  • a blood clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel and stays attached to the side in which it developeed
  • if it detaches from the wall and enters thne blood stream, the clot becomes an embolus
25
Q

What is septicemia

A

-an infection in the blood

26
Q

what is leukemia

A

-cancer of the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow; causes an excessive increase in WBC’s

27
Q

What is Anemia

A

-disorder involving a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

28
Q

What is the function of arteries

A
  • carries oxygenated (oxygen rich) blood (except the) pulmonary artery
  • carries blood away from the heart
29
Q

What are the 3 thick layers of the artery

A

outer- fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscle that gives it elasticity
Middle- muscle cells arranged in a circular fashion that enables the vessels to dilate and constrict
inner- smooth and shiny

30
Q

what is the largest artery in the body

A

aorta

31
Q

What are capillaries

A

the thinnest vessels; they connect the arteries and the veins The exchange of gasses and nutrients take place in the capillaries.

32
Q

What is the function of veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood (oxygen poor) blood to the heart

33
Q

How are veins structured

A

-similar to arteries but the layers are thinner

34
Q

What is the function of valves

A

-to prevent backflow of blood. In addition, the contraction of skeletal muscles assist in venous return to the heart

35
Q

What does the inferior venacava do

A

largest vein in body

-gathers all oxygen poor blood from the lower body and returns it to the right side of the heart

36
Q

What does the superior vena cava do

A

gathers all the oxygen poor blood from above the heart (the head and chest) and returns it to the right side of the heart

37
Q

what is arteriosclerosis

A

thickening of arterial walls because of loss of elasticity

38
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

deposits of fatty substances form along the arterial walls

39
Q

what are varicose veins

A

swollen veins due to a slowing of blood flow back to the heart. this weight causes distention of the valves

40
Q

What is peripheral vascular disease

A

(PVD) condition caused by a blockage in the arteries, usually in the legs

41
Q

What is an aneurysm

A

a ballooning out or weakening in the wall of a blood vessel

42
Q

What do the coronary arteries do

A

supply oxygen rich blood to the myocardium

43
Q

what do the coronary veins do

A

remove waste products from the myocardium

44
Q

What is systemic circulation

A
  1. oxygen rich blood is carried away from the heart by the arteries
  2. oxygen poor blood is returned to the heart by the veins
45
Q

how does blood get from the heart to the cells

A
  1. oxygen rich blood is carried away from the heart in arteries to arterioles to capillaries to the cells
  2. Oxygen poor blood is carried from the cells to capillaries, then to venules to the veins back to the heart
46
Q

What is cardiac output

A

the total volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute

47
Q

what is the formula for cardiac output

A

heart rate x stroke volume

48
Q

what is stroke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat

49
Q

What makes the lubb sound

A

when the tricuspid and mitral valves close

50
Q

what makes the dubb sound

A

when the pulmonary and aortic valves close.

51
Q

what is an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

A

a picture of the electrical impulses that travel through the heart

52
Q

what is the Sinoatrial node (SA node)

A
  • natural pacemaker in right atrium
  • where the electrical rhythm of the heart starts
  • sends impulses throughout the rest of the heart, stimulating the heart to squeeze
53
Q

what is an arrhythmia

A
  • any change or deviation from the normal heart rhythm
  • this is when something other than your SA node is starting the rhythm. It can come from someplace in the atria or the ventricle. It is usually a faster than normal rate
54
Q

What is the problem that occurs with arrhythmia

A

the person will usually have decreased cardiac output due to the faster beating of the heart.

Medical (14 decks)

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