respiratory system Flashcards
ABG
arterial blood gases
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
SOB
Short of breath
URI
Upper Respiratory Infection
Thorac-(o)
chest, thorax
trach (e,i,o)
trachea, windpipe
pneum(o,on)
lung
pharyng (o)
pharynx, throat
pulmon (o)
lung
or (o)
mouth
rhino
nose
pnea
breathing
Apnea
absence of respirations
Dyspnea
difficult breathing
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
hemoptysis
spitting up blood
epistaxis
nosebleed
bradypnea
slower than normal breathing
eupnea
normal breathing
orthopnea
condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight
tachypnea
faster than normal breathing
hyperventilation
condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal
hypoventilation
condition in which breathing is too slow and shallow
hypoxia
low oxygen levels in the blood stream
pulmonary embolism (PE)
a traveling blood clot that becomes logged in a lung
what is the function of the URT
inhaling and humidifying air. also transports the air to the lower respiratory tract
what is included in the upper respiratory tract
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis
how many sections are in the nasal cavity
3
what is is the vestibular region
contains course hairs that act as a first line of defense against infection. it filters air and contains sneeze reflex when dust/pollen get trapped in airways
what is in the olfactory (smell) region
located on the roof of the nasal cavity. contains senses of smell and taste.
respiratory region
in charge of warming and humidifying the air. the mucous membrane ae lined with blood vessels that humidify air to about 80% humidity. The drier the air you inhale the harder you have to work
sinuses
air filled cavities that surround the nose. they lighten the weight of the head, warm and moisten the air and strengthen the tone of your voice
how many sections in the pharynx
3
nasopharynx
upper portion behind nasal cavities, passageway to middle ear is located here
oropharynx
middle portion behind the mouth. uvula tissue in back of throat that covers the nasopharynx during vomiting/swollowing
laryngopharynx
bottom portion
larynx
voicebox
- houses structures that produce speech
- lined with mucous membrane that forms two folds called vocal cords
- contains glottis
glotis
above vocal cords where air vibrates
What protects the vocal cords
thyroid cartilage called the adams apple
epiglottis
a leaf-like structure of cartilage that closes the opening to the larynx when you swollow and opens up to allow air into the larynx when we breathe
lungs
right has 3 lobes and left has 2 due to placement of heart. it is surrounded by membrane called pleura
pleura
is a double layer membrane that prevents rubbing during inspiration and expiration
trachea
windpipe
-extends from the larynx to the center of the chest. Carries air between the pharynx and the bronchi. Has c-shaped cartilages that help keep it open.
bronchi
carry air from the trachea to the lungs. the bronchi divide into smaller bronchi untill they reach the smallest branches called bronchioles
alveoli
known as terminal bronchioles, look like grapes. they are one cell layer thick and have a rich layer of capilaries where o2 and co2 exchange between blood and lungs
surfactant
a lipid substance that keeps the aveoli from colapsinng
what are the accesory muscles of the respiratory system
intercostal muscles, sternomastoid muscles, diaphragm
ventilation
the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs. 2 parts inspiration, expiration
inspiration
inhaling
the process of air flowing into the lungs
expiration
exhaling
air is forced out of the lungs and air passages
what is respiration
the exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide. 3 types. external, internal, cellular
external respiration
fresh oxygen from outside the body fills the lungs and alveoli, allowing gas exchange between the aveoli and the pulmonary blood (capilaries)
- exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and bloodstream
- takes pllace in aveoli
- O2 from alvioli enters capillaries and bloodstream
- Co2 leaves capilaries and enters aveoli where it is exhaled
internal respiration
occurs inside the body between tissues and capillaries
- exchange of O2 and CO2 between tissue cells and bloodstream
- O2 leaves the bloodstream and enters cells. CO2 leaves the cells and enters the bloodstream to be exhaled
cellular respiration
metabolism
What part of the brain controls our breathing
medulla oblongata
what does the medula oblongata do
stimulates the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles
what prevents over inflation of the aveoar sacs
hering breur reflex
what causes the PH of the CSF to decrease
high levals of carbon dioxide increase the number of hydrogen ions
Asthma
caused by a sensitivity to an allergen
- narrows theopenings of the airways, increases mucous production, edema
bronchitis
inflamation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes
acute- infection
-chronic-long term exposure
COPD
used to describe any chronic lung disease that results in airway obstruction.
- includes asthema, bronchitis, emphsema
emphysema
the walls of the aveloi deteriorate and lose their elasticity
- caused by smoking and pollen
pnemonia
an inflamation or infection of the lungs characterized byfluid in the alvioli-bacteria viruses o chemicals
epitaxis-nosebleed
occurs when capilaries in nose become congested
- can be caused by injury or infection
influenza
flu
- highly contageous
- peer respiratory infection
- sudden onset with chills, fever, cough, sore throt, runny nose, muscle pain, fatigue
- treat symptoms
laryngitis
inflamation of the larynx and the vocal cords. usually occurs with other respiratory infections
tuberculosis
infectious lung disease caused by bacteria mycrobacterium tebruculosis
- remain dormant in the lungs and activate when defences down.
medication 1-2 years
