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GI Week 3 > Skildog Vitamins > Flashcards

Skildog Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Biologically active form of Vitamin A

A

All-trans retinol

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2
Q

Once Vitamin A is inside enterocytes, what 2 ways can it enter the blood?

A

Retinoic acid bound to albumin

Packaged in chylomicrons

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3
Q

What cells are a reservoir for vitamin A storage?

A

Stellate cells in liver!

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4
Q

What form of Vitamin A is functional in the eye?

A

Aldehyde form (cis-retinal) covalently linked to opsin

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5
Q

What things does retinoic acid lead to when it acts as a transcriptional regulator?

A

Differentiation of goblet cells–mucus, prevents keratinization

Apopotosis of cancer cells

Maturation of dendritic cells

Recruitment of antibody-secreting cells to Small intestine

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6
Q

What form of vitamin A acts as an antioxidant?

A

Carotenes (2 molecules of retinal)

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7
Q

What does Relative Dose Response (RDR) tell you about the body’s Vitamin A status?

A

The higher the RDR, the more the body is relying on short term dietary Vita A rather than liver stores (>20 % indicates liver is not maintaining serum Vit. A)

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8
Q

Vitamin E main function

A

Oxidative stress defense

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9
Q

Vitamin E inhibits absorption of what other vitamin?

A

Vitamin K

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10
Q

Saturated form of Vitamin E?

A

Tocopherols

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11
Q

Main form of vitamin K in diet?

A

Phylloquinone

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12
Q

What organ stores a lot of Vitamin K?

A

Lung

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13
Q

Functions (2) of Vit. K?

A

Coagulation and carboxylation

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14
Q

What enzyme inside cells is Vitamin K a cofactor for?

A

gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (for blood clotting proteins)

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15
Q

What factors are dependent on Vitamin K dependent carboxylation?

A

IX
VII
X
Prothromin

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16
Q

What fat soluble vitamin can be synthesized de novo from cholesterol?

A

Vit. D!

17
Q

Most important function of Vit. D?

A

maintain Ca++ homeostasis

18
Q

Dietary form of Vit. D?

A

Cholecalciferol

19
Q

Main form of VIt. D in blood?

A

25, hydroxycholecalciferol

*Not the most biologically active

20
Q

The active form of Vit. D is formed in the kidney in response to what hormone?

A

PTH

*PTH is produced in response to low calcium. When we have active Vit. D, we can absorb more calcium

21
Q

The activated VDR increases expression of what calcium transport proteins?

A

TRPV6-brush border
Calbindin-intracellularly brings Ca++ from lumenal to basal side

PMCA1b-Basolateral, requires ATP!

GI Week 3 (13 decks)

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