Pelvic Floor- Ach Flashcards
What two muscles constitute the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator Ani (anterior) Coccygeus muscles (posterior)
The coccygeus muscle lies on the deep (most inner) surface of what ligament?
Sacrospinous ligment
What muscle reduces of stops movement of feces through the rectum?
Puborectalis (aka puborectal sling)
Describe innervation of the puborectalis muscle
- Tonically contracted
- Under parasympathetic stimulation it relaxes allowing defecation
What marks the narrowest diameter of the pelvis?
Ischial spine
The sacrospinous ligament separates what 2 “foramen”?
Greater siatic foramen
Lesser siatic foramen
What 3 things exit the greater siatic foramen and enter the lesser siatic foramen to go down to the peritoneal area?
Pudenal artery, nerve, vein
The tendinous arch runs along which two muscles?
Obturator internus and levator ani
What can cause rectal prolapse?
Loss of tone in the puborectalis (muscle that normally creates an angle between rectum and anal canal)
The pelvic diaphragm separates what two regions of the body?
Pelvis is above
Perineum is below
What nerves innervate the levator ani?
Ventral rami S2, 3 and branches of pudendal
What are the 3 actions of the pelvic diaphragm?
- Support pelvic floor and organs that rest in it
- Resists outward thrusts (that would increase intraabdominal pressure)
- Assists in defecation
Differentiate partial, complete, and internal prolapse of the rectum
Partial- involves only mucosa layer
Complete- involves full thickness of rectal wall
Internal Prolapse- either layer prolapses but does not protrude through the anal opening
What forms the lateral and posterior walls of the pelvis?
Obturator internus and piriformis
What muscle lies over the Greater Sciatic foramen?
Piriformis
