Phys Electrolytes and Motility

Question 1

Anal sphincter dysynergia

Answer 1

Anismus

Question 2

Blood in stool

Answer 2

Haematochezia

Question 3

Failure of forward movement of intestinal contents

Answer 3

Ileus

Question 4

Substance that promotes bowel loosening and movement, laxative

Answer 4

Purgative

Question 5

Feeling like you gotta poop even when theres no poop in you

Answer 5

Tenesmus

Question 6

Cotransporter

Answer 6

symporter (move in same direction)

Question 7

More of what is present in the gallbladder that makes it less leaky than the intestine?

Answer 7

Claudin (tight junction)

Question 8

What is secreted from teh Crypts of Lieberkuhns in small intestine?

Answer 8

Chloride

Question 9

How does secretin relate to CFTR?

Answer 9

Secretin increases cAMP which increases CFTR opening

Question 10

What enhances the expression of Ca++ channels?

Answer 10

Vit. D

Question 11

Where is calcium absorbed?

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

Where is iron absorbed?

Answer 12

Duodenum

Question 13

Excess absorption of iron leads to a decrease in what transporter?

Answer 13

DMT1 on apical surface

Question 14

In what form must iron get absorbed?

Answer 14

Fe2+

Question 15

In what form does iron need to travel in the blood?

Answer 15

Fe3+

Question 16

What is iron bound to inenterocytes? In blood?

Answer 16

Ferritin

Transferrin

Question 17

Do people who secrete too little acid absorb more or less iron?

Answer 17

Less

Question 18

Is ENaC electrogenic or electroneutral?

Answer 18

Electrogenic

Question 19

Where is ENac?

Answer 19

Distal colon (and collecting duct of kidney;))

Question 20

What causes an increase of ENaC expression?

Answer 20

Aldosterone

Question 21

What are the secretagogues?

Answer 21

Positive regulators of secretion
ACh, NO, VIP, histamine, prostaglandins, gastrin, secretin, motilin, serotonin, LCFA, bile salts, bacterial toxins
AKA PARASYMPATHETICS

Question 22

What are the Absorbagogues

Answer 22

Enhances Na, Cl, water absorption

SYMPATHETICS…somatostatin, aldosterone, SCFA, opioids

Question 23

BER stronger in jejunum or ileum?

Answer 23

Jejunum

Question 24

Does secretin increase or decrease intestinal motility?

Answer 24

Decrease…it decreases acid

Question 25

Primary regulator of motility? General

Answer 25

Enteric NS

Question 26

What are many sensory neurons of the enteric NS stimulated by?

Answer 26

5HT released by mucosal enterochromaffin cells

Question 27

What parts of the digestive tract does the migrating motor complex encompass?

Answer 27

Stomach to distal ileum! *No esophagus or large intestine

Question 28

Peristaltic reflex

Answer 28

Initiated by distension of gut wall...

Question 29

Gastro-ileal reflex

Answer 29

Increased gastric activity increases ileal contractions...relaxes cecum and ileocecal sphincter Long reflex plus hormonal component!

Question 30

Global gut relaxation

Answer 30

Adynamic ileus...can result from over-distension or trauma | Intestinointestinal reflex

Question 31

Ileal-gastric reflex

Answer 31

Distension of the ileum decreases gastric motility | Feeding backwards...small intestine is full, feedback via vagus to decrease gastric motility! Long reflex

Question 32

How does BER compare at ileocecal valve vs. sigmoid colon?

Answer 32

3 times as fast at sigmoid colon b/c need stronger contractions to defecate

Question 33

Deficiency in interstitial cells of Cajal that makes it hard to poop

Answer 33

Hirschsprung's dz

Question 34

Segmental contractions

Answer 34

Shuttle contents back and forth between haustra

Question 35

Mass movements in large intestine

Answer 35

Loss of visible haustrations and a strong forward propulsion

Question 36

Gastro-colic reflex

Answer 36

Gastric distension evokes an increase in colon motility and an urge to defecate

Question 37

Key mediators in gastro-colic reflex?

Answer 37

Serotonin and ACh

Question 38

Nerve that stimulates external anal sphincter

Answer 38

Pudendal

Question 39

Rectosphincteric reflex

Answer 39

Urge to defecate, relaxation of internal anal sphincter, contraction of external anal sphincter to prevent inadvertent expulsions

Question 40

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 40

contraction of diaphragm and abdominal muscles

Question 41

At rest, the contraction of what muscle inhibits defecation?

Answer 41

Puborectalis

Question 42

Most common intestinal prob in USA?

Answer 42

IBS

Question 43

Primary function of colon

Answer 43

Reclaim water