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GI Week 3 > Phys Electrolytes and Motility > Flashcards

Phys Electrolytes and Motility Flashcards

1
Q

Anal sphincter dysynergia

A

Anismus

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2
Q

Blood in stool

A

Haematochezia

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3
Q

Failure of forward movement of intestinal contents

A

Ileus

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4
Q

Substance that promotes bowel loosening and movement, laxative

A

Purgative

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5
Q

Feeling like you gotta poop even when theres no poop in you

A

Tenesmus

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6
Q

Cotransporter

A

symporter (move in same direction)

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7
Q

More of what is present in the gallbladder that makes it less leaky than the intestine?

A

Claudin (tight junction)

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8
Q

What is secreted from teh Crypts of Lieberkuhns in small intestine?

A

Chloride

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9
Q

How does secretin relate to CFTR?

A

Secretin increases cAMP which increases CFTR opening

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10
Q

What enhances the expression of Ca++ channels?

A

Vit. D

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11
Q

Where is calcium absorbed?

A

Duodenum

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12
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

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13
Q

Excess absorption of iron leads to a decrease in what transporter?

A

DMT1 on apical surface

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14
Q

In what form must iron get absorbed?

A

Fe2+

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15
Q

In what form does iron need to travel in the blood?

A

Fe3+

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16
Q

What is iron bound to inenterocytes? In blood?

A

Ferritin

Transferrin

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17
Q

Do people who secrete too little acid absorb more or less iron?

A

Less

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18
Q

Is ENaC electrogenic or electroneutral?

A

Electrogenic

19
Q

Where is ENac?

A

Distal colon (and collecting duct of kidney;))

20
Q

What causes an increase of ENaC expression?

A

Aldosterone

21
Q

What are the secretagogues?

A

Positive regulators of secretion
ACh, NO, VIP, histamine, prostaglandins, gastrin, secretin, motilin, serotonin, LCFA, bile salts, bacterial toxins
AKA PARASYMPATHETICS

22
Q

What are the Absorbagogues

A

Enhances Na, Cl, water absorption

SYMPATHETICS…somatostatin, aldosterone, SCFA, opioids

23
Q

BER stronger in jejunum or ileum?

A

Jejunum

24
Q

Does secretin increase or decrease intestinal motility?

A

Decrease…it decreases acid

25
Q

Primary regulator of motility? General

A

Enteric NS

26
Q

What are many sensory neurons of the enteric NS stimulated by?

A

5HT released by mucosal enterochromaffin cells

27
Q

What parts of the digestive tract does the migrating motor complex encompass?

A

Stomach to distal ileum! *No esophagus or large intestine

28
Q

Peristaltic reflex

A

Initiated by distension of gut wall…

29
Q

Gastro-ileal reflex

A

Increased gastric activity increases ileal contractions…relaxes cecum and ileocecal sphincter
Long reflex plus hormonal component!

30
Q

Global gut relaxation

A

Adynamic ileus…can result from over-distension or trauma

Intestinointestinal reflex

31
Q

Ileal-gastric reflex

A

Distension of the ileum decreases gastric motility

Feeding backwards…small intestine is full, feedback via vagus to decrease gastric motility! Long reflex

32
Q

How does BER compare at ileocecal valve vs. sigmoid colon?

A

3 times as fast at sigmoid colon b/c need stronger contractions to defecate

33
Q

Deficiency in interstitial cells of Cajal that makes it hard to poop

A

Hirschsprung’s dz

34
Q

Segmental contractions

A

Shuttle contents back and forth between haustra

35
Q

Mass movements in large intestine

A

Loss of visible haustrations and a strong forward propulsion

36
Q

Gastro-colic reflex

A

Gastric distension evokes an increase in colon motility and an urge to defecate

37
Q

Key mediators in gastro-colic reflex?

A

Serotonin and ACh

38
Q

Nerve that stimulates external anal sphincter

A

Pudendal

39
Q

Rectosphincteric reflex

A

Urge to defecate, relaxation of internal anal sphincter, contraction of external anal sphincter to prevent inadvertent expulsions

40
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

contraction of diaphragm and abdominal muscles

41
Q

At rest, the contraction of what muscle inhibits defecation?

A

Puborectalis

42
Q

Most common intestinal prob in USA?

A

IBS

43
Q

Primary function of colon

A

Reclaim water

GI Week 3 (13 decks)

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