Fibers Lipids- Skildog

Question 1

Name 3 insoluble fibers

Answer 1

Cellulose
Ligins
Hemicellulose

Question 2

Which insoluble fiber is found in stems and seeds of fruit?

Answer 2

Ligins

Question 3

Which soluble fiber is a prebiotic and promotes growth of bifidobacteria in your gut? What foods is it in?

Answer 3

Fructans

Found in asparagus, onions, garlic, banana

Question 4

Functions of soluble fiber?

Answer 4

• Delays gastric emptying
• INCREASES transit time
• Decreases nutrient uptake/diffusion

Question 5

Functions of insoluble fiber?

Answer 5

• DECREASES intestinal transit time

- Increases fecal bulk

Question 6

What is a glycemic index?

Answer 6

Measures how much blood glucose levels increase after ingestion (higher it is…the faster you can digest food down to glucose)

Question 7

Do high fiber foods have high or low glycemic indexes?

Answer 7

LOW glycemic indexes

Question 8

What are 4 beneficial effects of a diet high in fiber?

Answer 8

• decreased lipid absorption
• lowered serum cholesterol
• Promotes gut microbiome
• Increased fecal bulk

Question 9

How does fiber decrease lipid absorption?

Answer 9

Fiber precent micelle formation required for fat uptake

Question 10

How does fiber lower cholesterol?

Answer 10

Increased excretion/reduced uptake of bile acids

Need to make more (so takes more cholesterol)?

Question 11

How does fiber effect the gut microbiome?

Answer 11

• Promotes growth of bacteria

- Bacteria use it to make short chain fatty acids

Question 12

Are short chain fatty acids packaged in chylomicrons?

Answer 12

No!

They are transported through intestinal epithelial cells directly to the blood

Question 13

What receptor do short chain fatty acids bind to cause an anti-inflammatory effect?

Answer 13

GPR43

Question 14

What enzyme to short chain fatty acids inhibit?

Answer 14

Histone deacetylases (Reprograms cell to think that certain bacteria is okay!) *A way to get immune tolerance to certain bacteria

Question 15

What happens when short chain fatty acids bind GPR43 on immune cells?

Answer 15

Decrease production of inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10)

Question 16

What happens when short chain fatty acids bind GPR43 on adipsoe tissue?

Answer 16

Decreased insulin sensitivity
Decreased fat accumulation
*So the fatty acids are used by other tissues! Essentially diets high in non-digestible fiber could be a prevention of Type II Diabetes

Question 17

What component of breast milk is converted to short chain fatty acids in the guy of a healthy infanta?

Answer 17

Non-digestible oligosaccharides

Question 18

Indigestible fiber is converted to what by the bacteria in your gut?

Answer 18

acetate

Question 19

Anti-inflammatory cytokine?

Answer 19

IL-10

Question 20

Which dietary fiber decreases intestinal transit time?

a. glucan
b. lignin
c. pectin
d. psyillium
e. fructan

Answer 20

B. ligin

it is insoluble, all the others are soluble

Question 21

How do milk oligosacchardies help an infant stay healthy?

Answer 21

They pass through gut epithelium, and are present in blood

Can act as “decoy receptors” preventing attachment of pathogens to other cellular glycolipids, etc.

Question 22

What is fiber?

Answer 22

Carbohydrates that are not digestible

Question 23

How are short chain fatty acids transported into colonic epithelial cells for use as energy?

Answer 23

MCT1