Fibers Lipids- Skildog Flashcards
Name 3 insoluble fibers
Cellulose
Ligins
Hemicellulose
Which insoluble fiber is found in stems and seeds of fruit?
Ligins
Which soluble fiber is a prebiotic and promotes growth of bifidobacteria in your gut? What foods is it in?
Fructans
Found in asparagus, onions, garlic, banana
Functions of soluble fiber?
- Delays gastric emptying
- INCREASES transit time
- Decreases nutrient uptake/diffusion
Functions of insoluble fiber?
- DECREASES intestinal transit time
- Increases fecal bulk
What is a glycemic index?
Measures how much blood glucose levels increase after ingestion (higher it is…the faster you can digest food down to glucose)
Do high fiber foods have high or low glycemic indexes?
LOW glycemic indexes
What are 4 beneficial effects of a diet high in fiber?
- decreased lipid absorption
- lowered serum cholesterol
- Promotes gut microbiome
- Increased fecal bulk
How does fiber decrease lipid absorption?
Fiber precent micelle formation required for fat uptake
How does fiber lower cholesterol?
Increased excretion/reduced uptake of bile acids
Need to make more (so takes more cholesterol)?
How does fiber effect the gut microbiome?
- Promotes growth of bacteria
- Bacteria use it to make short chain fatty acids
Are short chain fatty acids packaged in chylomicrons?
No!
They are transported through intestinal epithelial cells directly to the blood
What receptor do short chain fatty acids bind to cause an anti-inflammatory effect?
GPR43
What enzyme to short chain fatty acids inhibit?
Histone deacetylases (Reprograms cell to think that certain bacteria is okay!) *A way to get immune tolerance to certain bacteria
What happens when short chain fatty acids bind GPR43 on immune cells?
Decrease production of inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10)
What happens when short chain fatty acids bind GPR43 on adipsoe tissue?
Decreased insulin sensitivity
Decreased fat accumulation
*So the fatty acids are used by other tissues! Essentially diets high in non-digestible fiber could be a prevention of Type II Diabetes
What component of breast milk is converted to short chain fatty acids in the guy of a healthy infanta?
Non-digestible oligosaccharides
Indigestible fiber is converted to what by the bacteria in your gut?
acetate
Anti-inflammatory cytokine?
IL-10
Which dietary fiber decreases intestinal transit time?
a. glucan
b. lignin
c. pectin
d. psyillium
e. fructan
B. ligin
it is insoluble, all the others are soluble
How do milk oligosacchardies help an infant stay healthy?
They pass through gut epithelium, and are present in blood
Can act as “decoy receptors” preventing attachment of pathogens to other cellular glycolipids, etc.
What is fiber?
Carbohydrates that are not digestible
How are short chain fatty acids transported into colonic epithelial cells for use as energy?
MCT1
