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GI Week 3 > Pancreas GB Path- Nelson > Flashcards

Pancreas GB Path- Nelson Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreatic agenesis

A

Absence of the pancreas

Usually has other malformation- incompatible with life

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2
Q

Pancreatic divisum

A

Failure of fusion of the fetal dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts

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3
Q

Annular pancreas

A

Band-like ring of normal pancreatic tissue that completely encircles the second portion of the duodenum

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4
Q

Ectopic pancreas

A

Ectopic pancreatic tissue can be found in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, meckel’s diverticulum and ileum

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5
Q

How are fatty tissue and pancreatic parenchyma injured in acute pancreatitis?

A

Autodigestion by premature activation of pancreatic enzymes

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6
Q

How does chronic pancreatitis lead to pancreatic insufficiency?

A

-repeated acinar cell injury
-production of fibrogenic cytokines (TGF-beta and PDGF)
-Myofibroblast proliferation
-Collagen secretion
-Remodeling/fibrosis
=Pancreatic insufficeincy

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7
Q

Key microscopic finding in acute pancreatitis?

A

Fat necrosis and focal pancreatic parenchymal necrosis

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8
Q

What do you treat type I autoimmune pancreatitis?

A

Glucocorticoid

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9
Q

What are the gross and microscopic findings of type I autoimmune pancreatitis?

A 
Gross= white fibrotic mass
Micro = periductal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
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10
Q

What is IgG4 related disease?

A

Fibroinflammatory condition characterized by tumerfactive lesions, dense lymphoplasymacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4 positive plasma cells

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11
Q

Serous Cystadenoma

A

Benign cystic neopalsm of pancreas

GLycogen rich CUBOIDAL CELLS filled with clear, straw colored fluid

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12
Q

Mucinous Cystadenoma

A

Benign or malignant neoplasm of pancreas

COLUMNAR mucinous epithelium and a dense “ovarian” stroma is present

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13
Q

Intraductaual papillary mucinous

A

Benign or malignant neoplasm of pancreas

Dilated duct system

Most have intestinal-type papillae (resemble papillae of villous adenomas of the large bowel)

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14
Q

Two most common risk factor for pancreatic exocrine carcinoma?

A

Smoking

Chronic pancreatitis

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15
Q

Painful (abdominal, epigastric back)
Jaundice
Weight Loss

A

Pancreatic Exocrine Carcinoma

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16
Q

How is pancreatic carcinoma diagnosed?

A

Mass lesion on CT

Tissue biopsy endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration

17
Q

What is the whipple procedure?

A

En bloc removal of the head and neck of pancreas, proximal duodenum, and gallbladder

18
Q

Main differences between pancreatic exocrine and neuroendocrine tumors?

A

Exocrine:

  • ill-defined in the HEAD of pancreas
  • Presents with pain, jaundice, weight loss
  • Short clinical course

Neuroendocrine:

  • Well-circumscribed in the BODY or TAIL of pancreas
  • Prolonged clinical course
19
Q

Phrygian cap?

A

Normal anatomical variant

Fold in gallbaldder where the fundus joins the body

20
Q

3 general things that can cause gallstones?

A
  • Increased cholesterol/bilirubin
  • Decreased biles Acids
  • Stasis (think progesterone during pregnancy!)
21
Q

What are pigment gallstones?

A

Bilirubin + calcium salts

22
Q

What do you use to visualize gallstones with?

A

Ultrasound!

23
Q

What choledocholithiasis?

A

Stones in the COMMON bile duct

24
Q

What is cholecystitis? What normally causes it?

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of gallbladder

Most common blocking cystic duct

25
Q

What is porcelain gallbladder?

A

Late complication of cholecystitis

Shrunken, hard gallbladder due to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and dystrophic calcification

26
Q

Is an adenomyoma a true neoplasm?

A

no!

27
Q

Risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma?

A

95% associated with chleolithiasis

28
Q

Most common type of gallbladder carcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

29
Q

3 types of choangiocarcinomas

A
  1. Intrahepatic (inside liver)
  2. Perihilar (common hepatic duct)
  3. Distal extrahepatic (=common bile duct)

GI Week 3 (13 decks)

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