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GI Week 3 > GI Development- Severson > Flashcards

GI Development- Severson Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are derived from the foregut?

A

Pharynx to duodenum

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2
Q

What structures are derived fro the midgut?

A

Duodenum to proximal 2/3 or transverse colon

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3
Q

What structures are derived from the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal (above pectinate line)

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4
Q

What artery and nerve supply the foregut?

A

Celiac Artery

Vagus Nerve

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5
Q

What artery and nerve supply the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric Artery

Vagus Nerve

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6
Q

What artery and nerve supply the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric Artery

Pelvic splanchnics

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7
Q

The LINING of the digestive system and its related glands are developed from?

A

Endoderm

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8
Q

What are the two structures of the GI tract that are NOT developed from endoderm? (rather ectoderm)

A

Stomodeum (primordial mouth)

Proctodeum (anal pit)

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle of the pharynx and upper esophagus are derived from?

Additionally, what branchial arch(es)?

A

Mesoderm

4th and 6th brachial arches

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10
Q

Smooth muscle and connective tissue in the GI tract is derived from?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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11
Q

The nervous component of the GI tract comes from what? (important)

A

NEURAL CREST CELLS!!!!

  • Vagus innervates to the left colic flexure
  • Pelvic Splanchnic innervates remaining
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12
Q

What is the most common Tracheoesophageal anomaly?

A

Esophageal atresia with distal Tracheoesophageal fistula

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13
Q

What occurs due to incomplete recanalization of the esophagus during development (epithelial cells are persistent)?

A

Esophageal stenosis (narrowing of the esophagus)

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14
Q

What occurs due to a defective tracheoesophageal septum?

A

Esophageal atresia (failure to develop) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula

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15
Q

Both esophageal stenosis and atresia can lead to accumulation of what?

A

amniotic fluid!!!

= POLYHYDRAMNIOS

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16
Q

Drooling, choking and vomiting with FIRST feeding, and failure to pass NG tube into stomach would indicate….

A

Tracheoesophgeal anomaly

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17
Q

A congenital (sliding) hiatal hernia is a result of what?

A

Failure of the esophagus to length, results in the stomach being drawn up into the thorax

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18
Q

Ventral mesentery is derived from?

A

Transverse Septum

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19
Q

What encloses the liver and forms its visceral peritoneum?

A

Ventral mesentery

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20
Q

The falciform ligament is formed by what?

A

Ventral mesentery between the liver and the ventral body wall

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21
Q

What structure passes in the free border of the falciform ligament

A

Umbilical vein!

NOTE* umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres in the adult

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22
Q

The stomach undergoes what kind of rotation during development?

A

90 degree clockwise rotation

This brings the greater curvature to the left and the lesser curvature to the right

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23
Q

The left vagus nerve supplies what surface of the stomach?

A

ventral surface

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24
Q

The right vagus nerve supplies what surface of the stomach?

A

dorsal surface

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25
Q

What two ligaments are formed in the ventral mesentery connecting the stomach and the first part of the duodenum with the liver?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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26
Q

What is contained with in the hepatoduodenal ligamnet?

A

Portal triad!!!

Hepatic artery
Portal Vein
Common bile duct

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27
Q

Where would you find the gastrocolic ligament?

A

Extending between the greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon (contains gastroepiploic vessels)

28
Q

The greater omentum is formed by what?

A

the dorsal mesentary

29
Q

What serve as a site of hematopoietic cell development during fetal life?

A

The spleen and liver!

30
Q

What causes pyloric stenosis?

A

hypertrophy of the circular layer of stomach smooth muscle at the pyloric outlet

  • palpable olive
  • non-bilious projectile vomiting
  • 2-6 weeks old
  • Common in first born males
31
Q

What causes intestinal atresia/ stenosis?

A
  • failure of recanalization of intestine
  • lumen occluded by epithelial cells
  • vomit contains BILE!
32
Q

How do you distinguish pyloric stenosis vs. intestinal stenosis?

A

Pyloric stenosis has NON BILIOUS vomit

Intestinal stenosis has BILIOUS vomit

33
Q

What makes up the lesser omentum?

What is the lesser omentum formed from?

A

Hepatogastric ligaments
Hepatoduodenal ligaments

Ventral mesentary

34
Q

Hepatic diverticulum (liver bud) grows into ventral mesentery and gives rise to what structures?

A
  • Hepatic cells and bile duct draining the liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Cystic duct
  • Ventral pancreas
35
Q

What gives rise to the interlobular connective tissue of the liver and the liver capsule?

A

Transverse septum

36
Q

Is pancreas derived from foregut, midgut, or hindgut?

A

Foregut

37
Q

The ventral pancreatic bud contributes to what parts of the developed pancreas?

A

unicate process
main pancreatic duct
*head

38
Q

The dorsal pancreatic bud contributes to what parts of the developed pancreas?

A 
Body
Tail
Isthmus
Accessory pancreatic duct
*head
39
Q

Do both the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds contribute to the head of the pancreas?

A

yes

40
Q

What week does physiological umbilical herniation occur?

A

6th week

41
Q

When does the physiological umbilical herniation reduce?

A

10 weeks

the intestine returning to the body cavity forces the distal colon to the left

42
Q

Which part of the midgut grows rapidly and forms the small intestine?

A

the cephalic limb of midgut loop (more proximal part)

*caudal midgut limb doesn’t change much- becomes proximal 2/3 of colon

43
Q

What serves as the pivot point for the COUNTER clockwise rotation of the caudal midgut limb to bring the colon across the small intestine?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

44
Q

What is a meckel diverticulum?

A

Remains of the omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)

*attaches at the apex of the midgut loop between the cephalic and caudal limps of the loop

45
Q

What are the “rules of 2” concerning meckel diverticulum?

A
  • 2 feet from ileocecal valve
  • 2 inches long
  • 2% of population
  • First 2 years of life
  • 2 types of epithelia (gastric and pancreatic)
46
Q

What is it called the the physiological hernia fails to reduce the 10th week of life?

A

Congential omphalocele

*sealed by peritoneum!

47
Q

What is it called when there is extrusion of abdominal contents through the abdominal folds?

A

Gastroschisis

*NOT covered by peritoneum

48
Q

What causes non-rotation=Malrotation of the midgut?

A

results when the caudal limb returns to the abdomen first (normally it returns last) , and the small intestine lies on the right side of the abdomen and the large intestine on the left

49
Q

What divides the cloaca into a urogenital sinus and the anal canal?

A

The urorectal septum (mesenchyme)

50
Q

Fusion point of the urorectal septum with the cloacal membrane form the…..

A

perineal body

51
Q

What part of the anal canal is derived from the hind gut?

A

Above the pectinate line

52
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

Site of the anal membrane!

Where the ENDODERM of the hindgut becomes continuous with the ECTODERM of the anal pit

53
Q

What is the arterial supply above the pectinate line? venous drainage?

A

Superior rectal artery -which is a branch of the Inferior mesenteric

Superior rectal vein - to inferior mesenteric vein - to PORTAL SYSTEM

54
Q

What is the arterial supply below the pectinate line? venous drainage?

A

Inferior rectal branch of the internal pudendal

Inferior rectal vein - to internal iliac vein - to common iliac vein- to IVC

55
Q

What is the anocutaneous line?

A

Where the anal epithelium changes from simple columnar to stratified squamous

56
Q

What is hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the wall of the colon (usually distal) due to failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the splanchnic mesoderm

57
Q

What results from the persistence of the cloacal membrane?

A

Imperforate anus

58
Q

Function of dorsal mesentary?

A

Suspend esophagus (distal), stomach, and proximal duodenum from dorsal wall! Celiac trunk is found within here

59
Q

What does the spleen originate from?

A

Mesoderm/dorsal mesentary

60
Q

Most common site for intestinal stenosis?

A

Duodenum

61
Q

What do the gallbladder, cystic duct, and ventral pancreas develop from?

A

Hepatic diverticulum (endoderm)

62
Q

Cause of gastroschisis?

A

Abnormal lateral body wall folding

63
Q

What are the transverse and sigmoid mesocolon derivatives of?

A

Dorsal mesentary

64
Q

Placement of duodenum and ascending and descending colons?

A

Retroperitoneal

65
Q

Where do the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds form from?

A

Duodenum

GI Week 3 (13 decks)

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