Minerals, Elements Skildog

Question 1

Calcium is active when it combines with what?

Answer 1

Calmodulin

Question 2

What molecule inhibits calcium channels?

Answer 2

Calcineurin

Question 3

What does the calcium/calmodulin complex do to glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 3

Inhibits glycogen synthase! And activates glycogen phosphorylase! Want to liberate glucose

Question 4

Calcium inhibits the uptake of what element?

Answer 4

Phosphorous

Question 5

The more calcium you ingest, the more of what you are going to poop out?

Answer 5

Bile salts and fat

Question 6

Magnesium transporter of brush border?

Saturable or unsaturable?

Answer 6

TRPM6

Saturable

Question 7

Gitelman Syndrome

Answer 7

Mutation of SLC12A3 (Na Cl transporter)

Hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalciuria

Question 8

Only anion secreted by GI cells

Answer 8

Chloride

Question 9

Refeeding syndrome can deplete what elements?

Answer 9

Potassium and phosphorous

Question 10

What do you use to tx hyperphosphatemia from renal failure?

Answer 10

Antacids! Because Mg+, Al+ and Ca++ all inhibit phosphorous absorption

Question 11

What regulates the body’s amount of phosphorous?

Answer 11

KIDNEY

Not absorption

Question 12

What does aldosterone do to urinary K+ concentration?

Answer 12

Increases it because we are keeping sodium so we get rid of potassium

Question 13

Transporter that brings iron into enterocyte

Answer 13

DMT1

Question 14

What enzyme oxidizes iron from Fe2+ to Fe3+?

Answer 14

Ceruloplasmin = Hephaestin

Question 15

What element does ceruloplasmin require?

Answer 15

Copper

Question 16

So if you have a _____________ deficiency, you have a functional _______deficiency

Answer 16

Copper

Iron

Question 17

Main store of iron

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

Regulation or iron uptake. Tell me about how it works.

Answer 18

Hepcidin

Iron stores in liver are high…hepcidin is produced andbinds to ferroportin causing its degradation…this means that iron can not get into the blood stream

Question 19

What maintains iron in its reduced state in the lumen?

Answer 19

Vitamin C

Question 20

Iron inhibits the absoprtion of what element?

Answer 20

Zinc

Question 21

Chronic hemochromatosis

Answer 21

Hepcidin mutation! Horrible iron accumulation

Question 22

Copper destined for other tissues enters the blood through what enterocyte transporter?

Answer 22

ATP7A

Question 23

Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome

Answer 23

Mutation in ATP7A…Hypothermia, hypotonia, poor feeding, FTT, seizures…Can’t get copper into the blood! Stuck in enterocyte

Question 24

Wilson Disease

Answer 24

Mutation of ATP7B…liver specific copper transporter on canicular membrane of hepatocyte…normally transports excess copper into the bile for excretion…When defective, copper accumulates and leaks out unbound to ceruloplasmin

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