Sketchy Pharm: Diphenhydramines Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the body’s histamine is stored in __________.

A

mast cells and basophils

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2
Q

What kind of receptors are H1 and H2?

A

H1: G(q) – think of Lisander with the Q-shaped dandelion (he’s about to get allergies, and that is H1)
H2: G(s) –think of the stomach with the two S-shaped handles

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3
Q

H2 receptors, when stimulated, induce ______________.

A

gastric acid secretion

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4
Q

H1 receptors, when stimulated from mast-cell histamine, induce _______________.

A

nasal and bronchial mucus secretion; bronchoconstriction on smooth muscle; and vasodilation with increased vascular permeability

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5
Q

H1-blocking agents enter the _____________ to alleviate seasickness.

A

vestibular system

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6
Q

__________-generation antihistamines easily enter the CNS.

A

First (where they bind H1)

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7
Q

True or false: first-generation antihistamines block muscarinic channels in the CNS and PNS.

A

True (this is why they lead to some of the same side effects); they can thus also be used to treat motion sickness and the extrapyramidal effects of Parkinson’s by reestablishing the dopamine-choline balance

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8
Q

Antihistamines can also lead to increased ____________ and _________ antagonism.

A

appetite (with weight gain); serotonin and alpha-1

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9
Q

What are the three main 2nd-generation antihistamines?

A

Fexofenadine, cetirizine, and loratidine

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10
Q

What are the first-generation antihistamines?

A
Diphenhydramine
Chlorpheniramine
Promethazine
Hydroxyzine
Meclizine
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