Skeleton and Muscles Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support
Protection
Movement
Manufacture of blood cells
What does axial skeleton consist of ?
- The Skull
- The Spine-protects the spinal cord
- The Rib cage
What is the function of cartilage?
Cartilage acts as a shock absorber and protects the vertebrae.
What does the skull have?
over 20 bones fused together
What does the spine have?
33 bones called Vertebrae
top 24 vertebrae move slightly,are separated by discs of cartilage.
The bottom 9 vertebrae are fused and have no discs.
What does the vertebrae column consist of?
Cervical (neck)-7 Thoracic (chest)-12 Lumbar (back)-5 Sacrum (hip)-5 Coccyx (tail)-4
What does the ribcage have?
12 pairs of ribs(which are attached to the vertebrae of the spine) and the sternum (breast bone).
Top 7 ribs = true ribs ,they are attached to the sternum (breastbone)
Next 3 ribs = false ribs as they are attached to each other.
What are true ribs?
Top 7 ribs = true ribs ,they are attached to the sternum (breastbone)
What are false ribs?
Next 3 ribs = false ribs as they are attached to each other.
What are floating ribs?
The bottom 2 ribs are called floating ribs as they are only attached to the spine at the back.
What are the parts of the Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder girdle)
Pelvic Girdle
Cartilage
What does the pectoral girdle consist of?
clavicle (collar bone)
the scapula (shoulder blade).
Each arm is attached to the shoulder and consists of the humerus, radius and ulna, carpels (wrist), metacarpels (hand) and phalanges (fingers).
Describe the limb structure of the appendicular skeleton:
arms and legs have a similar design pattern. Each end in 5 phalanges (fingers or toes) and so are called pentadactyl limbs
What does the pelvic girdle consist of?
2 hip bones attached to the sacrum (part of backbone).
Each leg is attached to the hip girdle and consists of the femur, patella (knee cap), tibia and fibula, tarsals (ankle), metatarsals (foot) and phalanges (toes).
What is cartilage?
Jelly like protein (collagen) matrix with cells embedded in it.
Forms entire skeleton of embryo but is then replaced by bone.
Where is cartilage found?
It is also found in rings around the trachea, in nose and ears and intervertebral discs. No blood vessels or nerves-it depends on materials diffusing through it to the cells that make it.