Chapter 42:Human Reproduction Flashcards
Gonad
Is a organ that produces sex cells
Ejaculation
Release of sperm from the body
Primary Sexual Characteristics
Growth of sex organs
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Are characteristic that distinguish males from females apart from the sex organs
Infertility
Is the inability to produce offspring
Menstrual Cycle
A series if events in the female every 28 days if fertilisation does not occur
Ovulation
Is the realease of an egg from the ovary
Insemination
Is when semen is ejaculated into the vagina
Chemotaxis
Is when egg releases a chemical to attract the sperm
Fertilisation
Is when the nucleus of the sperm fuses with nucleus of the egg to form a diploid zygote
Fertile Period
When fertilsation is most likely to occur
Testes
Makes testosterone and sperm
Epidydimis
Stores and matures the sperm
Sperm Duct
Carries sperm from testes to the urethra
Seminal vesicle,Prostate,Cowpers Gland
Make seminal fluid which nourishes the sperm and allows sperm to move
Urethra
Carries semen and urine out of the body
Penis
To place semen inside the female during intercourse
FSH in Males
Stimulates testes to make sperm at puberty
LH in males
Stimulates testes to make testosterone
What does testosterone do in regards to the primary sexual characteristics in men
Stimulates growth and development of the penis and testes in early life and is increased during puberty
What does testosterone do in regards to secondary sexual characteristics
Voice deepen Growth spurt Increase in muscle Broad shoulders Facial and body hair
Male Infertility
Cause:smoking,alcohol and drug abuse,virus and hormonal deficiency
Treatment:change lifestyles,hormone supplements,IVF
Ovary
Makes egg
Makes oestrogen and progesterone
Fallopian tube
Muscular tube that collect egg from ovary and moves towards uterus using cilia
Uterus
Made of a layer of involuntary muscle which contracts at menstruation and birth and lined with endometrium
Cervix
Junction between vagina and uterus
Vagina
Short muscular tube
Female Infertility
Cause:hormonal imbalance,stress
Treatment:Hormone treatment,drug to stimulate ovulation,IVF
Primary Sexual Characteristics in women
Caused by oestrogen to develop and grow sex organs
Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Women
Caused by oestrogen and progesterone
Growth spurt
Mammary glands develop
Body and pubic hair
Widening and pelvic bone
What happens on day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle
Meiosis occurs in ovary
Endometrium breaks down is shed from body
What happens on day 5-13 of the menstrual cycle
Grafian follicle makes oestrogen which causes endometrium to thicken
Day 14
Egg is released from ovary
What happenes day 14-28 to menstrual cycle
Grafian follicle turns corpus luteum which make progesterone which cause further thickening of endometrium
FERTILATION OCCURS:
corpeus luteum remains
Endometrium remains
Placenta forms
FERTILISATION DOES NOT OCCUR:
corpeus luteum shrinks
Egg dies
FSH(follicle-stimulating)
Made:Pituitary
When:1-5
What:Causes egg to be produced by meiosis in ovary and egg is surrounded by grafian follicle
MAKES OESTROGEN
Oestrogen
Made:grafian follicle
When:6-14
What:thickens endometrium and prevents egg development by inhibiting FSH high levels by day14 causes LH production
LH (lutenising)
Made:pituatary
When:day 14
What:ovulation,corpus luteum comes from grafian follicle and makes progesterone
Progesterone
Made:corpeus luteum
When:15-28
What:thickening of endometrium and prevent egg development by blocking FSH
Fibroids
Benign tumours in uterus
Cause:abnormal response to oestrogen
Treatment:Surgery
