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Biology > Chapter 42:Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Chapter 42:Human Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gonad

A

Is a organ that produces sex cells

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2
Q

Ejaculation

A

Release of sperm from the body

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3
Q

Primary Sexual Characteristics

A

Growth of sex organs

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4
Q

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

A

Are characteristic that distinguish males from females apart from the sex organs

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5
Q

Infertility

A

Is the inability to produce offspring

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6
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

A series if events in the female every 28 days if fertilisation does not occur

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7
Q

Ovulation

A

Is the realease of an egg from the ovary

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8
Q

Insemination

A

Is when semen is ejaculated into the vagina

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9
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Is when egg releases a chemical to attract the sperm

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10
Q

Fertilisation

A

Is when the nucleus of the sperm fuses with nucleus of the egg to form a diploid zygote

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11
Q

Fertile Period

A

When fertilsation is most likely to occur

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12
Q

Testes

A

Makes testosterone and sperm

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13
Q

Epidydimis

A

Stores and matures the sperm

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14
Q

Sperm Duct

A

Carries sperm from testes to the urethra

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15
Q

Seminal vesicle,Prostate,Cowpers Gland

A

Make seminal fluid which nourishes the sperm and allows sperm to move

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16
Q

Urethra

A

Carries semen and urine out of the body

17
Q

Penis

A

To place semen inside the female during intercourse

18
Q

FSH in Males

A

Stimulates testes to make sperm at puberty

19
Q

LH in males

A

Stimulates testes to make testosterone

20
Q

What does testosterone do in regards to the primary sexual characteristics in men

A

Stimulates growth and development of the penis and testes in early life and is increased during puberty

21
Q

What does testosterone do in regards to secondary sexual characteristics

A 
Voice deepen
Growth spurt
Increase in muscle
Broad shoulders
Facial and body hair
22
Q

Male Infertility

A

Cause:smoking,alcohol and drug abuse,virus and hormonal deficiency

Treatment:change lifestyles,hormone supplements,IVF

23
Q

Ovary

A

Makes egg

Makes oestrogen and progesterone

24
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Muscular tube that collect egg from ovary and moves towards uterus using cilia

25
Q

Uterus

A

Made of a layer of involuntary muscle which contracts at menstruation and birth and lined with endometrium

26
Q

Cervix

A

Junction between vagina and uterus

27
Q

Vagina

A

Short muscular tube

28
Q

Female Infertility

A

Cause:hormonal imbalance,stress

Treatment:Hormone treatment,drug to stimulate ovulation,IVF

29
Q

Primary Sexual Characteristics in women

A

Caused by oestrogen to develop and grow sex organs

30
Q

Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Women

A

Caused by oestrogen and progesterone

Growth spurt
Mammary glands develop
Body and pubic hair
Widening and pelvic bone

31
Q

What happens on day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle

A

Meiosis occurs in ovary

Endometrium breaks down is shed from body

32
Q

What happens on day 5-13 of the menstrual cycle

A

Grafian follicle makes oestrogen which causes endometrium to thicken

33
Q

Day 14

A

Egg is released from ovary

34
Q

What happenes day 14-28 to menstrual cycle

A

Grafian follicle turns corpus luteum which make progesterone which cause further thickening of endometrium

FERTILATION OCCURS:
corpeus luteum remains
Endometrium remains
Placenta forms

FERTILISATION DOES NOT OCCUR:
corpeus luteum shrinks
Egg dies

35
Q

FSH(follicle-stimulating)

A

Made:Pituitary
When:1-5
What:Causes egg to be produced by meiosis in ovary and egg is surrounded by grafian follicle

MAKES OESTROGEN

36
Q

Oestrogen

A

Made:grafian follicle
When:6-14
What:thickens endometrium and prevents egg development by inhibiting FSH high levels by day14 causes LH production

37
Q

LH (lutenising)

A

Made:pituatary
When:day 14
What:ovulation,corpus luteum comes from grafian follicle and makes progesterone

38
Q

Progesterone

A

Made:corpeus luteum
When:15-28
What:thickening of endometrium and prevent egg development by blocking FSH

39
Q

Fibroids

A

Benign tumours in uterus
Cause:abnormal response to oestrogen
Treatment:Surgery

Biology (31 decks)

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