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Biology > Chapter 34:Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 34:Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name two main parts of the central nervous system in humans

A

Brain ,spinal cord

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2
Q

Difference between CNS and PNS

A

The CNS is made up of brain and spinal cord while the PNS is the network of nerves in the rest of the body.

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3
Q

What is a neuron

A

a nerve cell

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4
Q

Name the three types of neurons

A

Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor Neurons

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5
Q

What does PNS stand for?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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6
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

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7
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

They carry impulses from receptors to sense organs to the CNS

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8
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

They carry impulses from CNS to effector organs.

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9
Q

What are interneurons?

A

They carry information between sensory and motor neurons

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10
Q

What is the function of the dendrite?

A

carry impulses towards cell body

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11
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

carry impulses from cell body

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12
Q

What is the function of the cell body?

A

forms neurotransmitter chemicals

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13
Q

What is the function of the schwaan cell?

A

forms neurotransmitter chemicals

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14
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

insulates the electrical impulses

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15
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

Neuron must recover for a fraction of a second before it can transmit again

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16
Q

What is the all or nothing effect?

A

If a stimulus is too weak or does not meet the threshold the nerve impulse is not carried.

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17
Q

What is a synapse?

A

a region where two neurons come into close contact.

18
Q

What is the function of the synapse?

A

Transmit impulse

Control the direction of the impulse

19
Q

How does the nervous system work?

A
  1. Stimulus detected
  2. Message passes along neurons
  3. Messages are processed
  4. Neurons stimulate the muscles/gland to respond
20
Q

What is a nerve impulse?

A

An electrical impulse caused by the flow of ions across the membrane which travels along the dendrites and axon to the neurotransmitter swelling.

21
Q

How does a nerve impulse work?

A
  1. The nerve impulse reaches the Threshold.
  2. The inside of the axon becomes positive and the outside becomes negative.
  3. Energy is supplied to the nerve impulse.
  4. Refractory Period occurs.
22
Q

What happens near the synapse?

A

1.Neurotransmitter molecules released into synaptic cleft
2.They diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron.
3.Neurotransmitter molecules are rapidly broken down by enzymes and then reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron
.

23
Q

Examples of Neurotransmitters:

A

Acetylcholine
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin

24
Q

What is a synaptic cleft?

A

is the tiny gap between two neurons at a synapse

25
Q

What protects the brain?

A

meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
skull

26
Q

What is the function of cerebrum?

A 
Movement
Intelligence 
Emotion
Receiving Information From Sense Organs
language
Personality
27
Q

Cerebellum

A

Motor Movement Coordination
Balance
Walking

28
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Involuntary processes
Hearbeat
Breathing
Blood Pressure

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
Homeostasis
Body Temperature
Hunger
Thirst 
Sleep
Osmoregulation
30
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Hormones

31
Q

Nervous System Disorder

A

Name:Parkinsons

Cause:the failure to produce a muscle neurotransmitter called dopamine in a part of the brain which results in failure to control muscle contraction

Symptoms:Trembling in hands and legs,stiffness and weakness

Treatment:Physiotherapy

32
Q

How the spinal cord protected?

A

Vertebrae

meninges

33
Q

What is in white matter?

A

axons

34
Q

What is in grey matter?

A

Dendrites and cell body

35
Q

Dorsal Root

A

contains sensory neurons

36
Q

Ventral Root

A

contains motor neurons

37
Q

Central Canal

A

contains cerebrospinal fluid

38
Q

What is Reflex Action?

A

It is an automatic,involuntary,unthinking response to a stimulus.

39
Q

Examples Reflex Action:

A

blinking

gag reflex

40
Q

Advantage of Reflex Action

A

Fast response so protect the body from damage

Biology (31 decks)

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