Skeletal (W3.3.1)

Question 1

Occipital bone

Answer 1

Base of skull=caudoventral

articulates with atlas or cervical 1

Question 2

Foramen Magnum

Answer 2

opening in the occipital bone for the spinal cord

Question 3

Temporal bones

Answer 3

lateral wall of skull; house middle and inner ear

form Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) with mandible

Question 4

External Acoustic Meatus

Answer 4

bony canal leading to middle and inner ear cavities

located on the skull

Question 5

Frontal bone

Answer 5

forehead portion of the skull

Question 6

Frontal Sinus

Answer 6

air filled cavities within skull bones

important in bovine (cornual process)

Question 7

Cornual Diverticulum

Answer 7

Extension of frontal sinus in bovine into cornual process
Open with dehorning in adult cattle
Reason dehorn when young

Question 8

Trephination

Answer 8

Drilling holes into paranasal sinuses

used in horses to remove cheek teeth

Question 9

Important bones of the skull in horses

Answer 9

Ethmoid

Ventral/Dorsal nasal concha

Question 10

Nasogastric tube placement

Answer 10

important in horses; Ventral Nasa Meatus (correct)

Dorsal nasal meatus - leads through dorsal nasal concha to ethmoid bone to cribiform plate to brain

Question 11

Dolichocephalic Breeds

Answer 11

dog breeds with long and thin nose bones

horses similar

Question 12

Brachycephalic breeds

Answer 12

dog breeds with short and triangular bones

Question 13

Maxillary Sinus

Answer 13

opens into nasal cavity

Question 14

Hard palate

Answer 14

separates mouth from nasal cavity

Question 15

Maxillary bones

Answer 15

houses upper canine and all cheek teeth (premolars and molars)

Question 16

Orbit differences by species

Answer 16

orbit is complete in equine and bovine

incomplete (open caudally) in feline and canine

Question 17

Mandible

Answer 17

lower jaw bone

Question 18

Mandibular symphysis

Answer 18

where the left and right halves of the mandible unite

* separation in dog and cat with blunt force trauma

Question 19

Nasal Conchae

Answer 19

dorsal and ventral turbinates

Question 20

Turbinates

Answer 20

scroll like bones filling nasal cavity

warms and humidifies air as it is inhaled

Question 21

Hyoid Apparatus

Answer 21

connected bones to suspend larynx and attach tongue

lingual process rostral projection into tongue

Question 22

Body of the Vertebrae

Answer 22

Main ventral portion

separated from next vertebral body by intervertrbral disk to absorb shock

Question 23

Arch of the Vertecbrae

Answer 23

dorsal portion of the vertebrae

vertebrae arches line up to form spinal canal which houses and protects spinal cord

Question 24

Vertebral processes

Answer 24

sites for muscle attachment
Single dorsal spinous process; 2 lateral projecting transverse processes
Cranial and caudal articulation processes for adjacent vertebrae articulation

Question 25

Cervical Vertebrae 1

Answer 25

atlas, large transverse processes (wings)

Question 26

Cervical Vertebrae 2

Answer 26

axis, large bladelike spinous process and dens projecting into atlas

Question 27

Wobbler Syndrome

Answer 27

caused by cervical vertebral instability
arabian horse, doberman/great dane
clinical signs begin as ataxia and progress to wobbly uncoordinated gait

Question 28

Nuchal Ligament

Answer 28

Dog - paired from axis to T1
Cat - absent
Horse and cow - two pairs; skull to thoracic vertebrae at withers; T2 and T3 to C2-6; bursal between bones and top portion

Question 29

Poll-evil

Answer 29

inflammation of the atlanal bursa found between nuchal and atlas