Skeletal (W3.3.1) Flashcards
Occipital bone
Base of skull=caudoventral
articulates with atlas or cervical 1
Foramen Magnum
opening in the occipital bone for the spinal cord
Temporal bones
lateral wall of skull; house middle and inner ear
form Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) with mandible
External Acoustic Meatus
bony canal leading to middle and inner ear cavities
located on the skull
Frontal bone
forehead portion of the skull
Frontal Sinus
air filled cavities within skull bones
important in bovine (cornual process)
Cornual Diverticulum
Extension of frontal sinus in bovine into cornual process
Open with dehorning in adult cattle
Reason dehorn when young
Trephination
Drilling holes into paranasal sinuses
used in horses to remove cheek teeth
Important bones of the skull in horses
Ethmoid
Ventral/Dorsal nasal concha
Nasogastric tube placement
important in horses; Ventral Nasa Meatus (correct)
Dorsal nasal meatus - leads through dorsal nasal concha to ethmoid bone to cribiform plate to brain
Dolichocephalic Breeds
dog breeds with long and thin nose bones
horses similar
Brachycephalic breeds
dog breeds with short and triangular bones
Maxillary Sinus
opens into nasal cavity
Hard palate
separates mouth from nasal cavity
Maxillary bones
houses upper canine and all cheek teeth (premolars and molars)
Orbit differences by species
orbit is complete in equine and bovine
incomplete (open caudally) in feline and canine
Mandible
lower jaw bone
Mandibular symphysis
where the left and right halves of the mandible unite
* separation in dog and cat with blunt force trauma
Nasal Conchae
dorsal and ventral turbinates
Turbinates
scroll like bones filling nasal cavity
warms and humidifies air as it is inhaled
Hyoid Apparatus
connected bones to suspend larynx and attach tongue
lingual process rostral projection into tongue
Body of the Vertebrae
Main ventral portion
separated from next vertebral body by intervertrbral disk to absorb shock
Arch of the Vertecbrae
dorsal portion of the vertebrae
vertebrae arches line up to form spinal canal which houses and protects spinal cord
Vertebral processes
sites for muscle attachment
Single dorsal spinous process; 2 lateral projecting transverse processes
Cranial and caudal articulation processes for adjacent vertebrae articulation
Cervical Vertebrae 1
atlas, large transverse processes (wings)
Cervical Vertebrae 2
axis, large bladelike spinous process and dens projecting into atlas
Wobbler Syndrome
caused by cervical vertebral instability
arabian horse, doberman/great dane
clinical signs begin as ataxia and progress to wobbly uncoordinated gait
Nuchal Ligament
Dog - paired from axis to T1
Cat - absent
Horse and cow - two pairs; skull to thoracic vertebrae at withers; T2 and T3 to C2-6; bursal between bones and top portion
Poll-evil
inflammation of the atlanal bursa found between nuchal and atlas
