Integument (W2.2) Flashcards
Arrector pili
smooth muscle; pulls hair up
Hair of the dog
compound follicle with single primary hair and group of secondary hairs
Types of hair
bristle, guard, tactile
Bristle hair
cilia, vibrissae (eye lashes)
Guard hair
outer topcoat
Tactile hair
(sensory) lips, chin, cheek, around eyes (whiskers)
Merocrine sweat gland
type of gland that packages their secretions into granular units and release them via exocytosis as they are manufactured
Eccrine sweat gland
type of sweat glands consists of a simple coiled tube located in the dermis or hypodermis; connected to the surface of the skin; connected to the surface of the skin by a long duct
Apocrine sweat gland
type of sweat gland with excretory portion buried in the dermis/hypodermis with a single excretory duct; glands empty into hair follicles
Mammary Gland
modified sweat gland (teat + canal + Opening)
specialized skin glands, produce colostrum and milk, found on both males and females
External Pudendal
mammary artery ; bifurcates into cranial/caudal mammary branches at base of udder
Milk Veins
Large vein of ventral abdomen (drain blood back to body)
Bitch # Mammary Glands
10
Queen # Mammary Glands
8
Cow # Mammary Glands
4 (2 quarters on each side) (udder)
Mare # Mammary Glands
2
Accessory/supernumerary teats
extra teats in male or female, usually nonfunctional
Mastitis
inflammation of the mammary gland (costly in bovine)
Milking out
complete emptying of quarter, done with mastitis treatment (+ systemic/local antibiotics)
Dry period
2 months before birth, out of production
Tumors in Canines/Felines
C: 50% malignant, reduce risk of malignant mammary tumors in dogs spayed prior to first heat to 0.05%, 8% after one heat, 25% after second heat
F: 85% malignant, reduce risk by 91% by spaying before 6 mon,14% at 1 year
Colostrum
secretion first few (1-3) days after birth, contains antibodies and essential nutrients necessary
Absorption of colostrum by species
Puppy – best within 6 hrs. Can be up to 24 hrs
Kitten – best within 6 hrs. Can be up to 16 hrs
Calf – best within 6 hrs. Can be up to 24 hrs
Foal – best within 6 hrs. Can be up to 12 – 24 hr
Sebaceous glands
glands that produce oil (sebum)
External auditory meatus
passageway from pinna to ear drum (external ear canal)
Tympanic Membrane
separates external ear from internal ear portions; ear drum, vibrates with sound waves
Auricular Hematoma
occurs in dogs and cats due ot trauma that ruptures blood vessels between cartilage within pinna
Otitis Externa
inflammation of external ear canal (dogs and cats)
treatment : lateral ear resection (remove vertical ear)
Cerumen
ear wax, brown waxy material secreted by glands in the external auditory meatus
Hematoma
rupture of the small blood vessels under the skin of the pinna → bleeding between the skin and the cartilage → accumulation of blood
(abnormal accumulation of free blood between the cartilage and skin of the pinna
Other Specialized Glands
Caudal (carnivores) - dorsal base of tail
Ceruminous - external ear canal, ear wax to protect tympanic membrane
Circumoral/perioral (cats) - marking
Anal Sac Glands (carnivores) - marking, 8 and 4 at anus
Horn glands (ruminants)
Preputal - secretion in penile shealth (horse)
