Skeletal (W3.1) Flashcards
Function of bones
Support - Scaffolding for soft tissue
Protection - protect delicate vital organs and tissues
Leverage - Levers for muscle/joint movement
Storage - Calcium bank
Blood Cell Formation - Hematopoiesis in bone marrow
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone filled with red marrow
Compact bone
Surrounds medullary cavity in shaft of long bones and outside layer of all bones
Medullary cavity
yellow marrow storage
Periosteum
Outer membrane of the long bone
Endosteum
Lines hollow cavity or medullary cavity of the long bone
Articular Cartilage
joint surfaces made up of hyaline cartilage
Diaphysis
Shaft of the long bone
Epipysis
proximal and distal end of the long bone
Epiphyseal plate
physis or growth plate
Epiphyseal cartilage
cartilage within bone for growth in immature bone
Endochondral Bone Formation importance
Length increases from outer side of growth plate
Growth plate appears as line on radiograph
Growth stops when growth plate is bone
Physis
Easily fractured in growing bones
growth plate
Physitis
Distal radius swells
seen in rapidly growing foals
Varus
Result of Physitis
Angular limb deformity
medial side of plate slow (toward midline)
Valgus
Result of Physitis
Angular limb deformity
lateral side of plate slow (away midline)
Greenstick fracture
(long bone) fracture of shaft, not completely through
Complete fracture
(long bone) fracture through entire shaft
Comminuted fracture
(long bone) complete fracture with many pieces
Long bone
bone that is longer than wide; consists of diaphysis with two epiphysis with articular cartilages
Short bone
Bone that is cube shaped (carpal)
Flat bone
plates (skull, scapula, rib)
Irregular bone
Complex different from the other types of bone
Sesamoid bone
small bones present in tendons; type of irregular bone
Patella
largest type of sesamoid bone
Condyle
large, round articular surface; on distal end (femur/humerus)
Head
spherical articular surface; on proximal end (shoulde/hip)
Facet
Flat articular surface; on carpus/tarsus
Processes
(Trochanter, Tubercle, Tuberosity, Spine, Crest, Wing)
includes all the lumps, bumps, and projections on bone; where tendons attach to bone
Foramen
Hole for nerve/vessel
Fossa
Depression with muscle or tendon
