Skeletal System (Lecture) Flashcards
Rigid body tissue consisting of cells embedded in an abundant hard intercellular material
Bones
What are the two types of bone tissue and their characteristics?
Compact bone - homogeneous
Spongy bone - small needle like pieces of bone, has many open spaces
Reduces friction and model for bone formation
Cartilage
Ligaments
bone to bone
Tendons
Muscle to bone
It separates muscles to bone adjacent elements of the skeletal system
Joints
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Body support - bone, cartilage, ligaments
Organ protection
Body movement - skeletal muscle attach to bones by tendons / contraction of skeletal muscles moves the bone
Mineral storage - calcium, phosphorus, adipose tissue or fat
Blood cell production - bone cavities are filled with red bone marrow
It produces blood cells and platelets
Red bone marrow
What do you call to the immovable joints that connect cranial bones?
Sutures
What are the 4 principal sutues?
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous
What are the 3 main regions of temporal bone?
Squamous
Tympanic
Petrous
What are the 2 processes in the temporal bone?
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Zygomatic process, zygomatic bone, mandibular fossa - the attachment site of mandible
Squamous part
Has the prominent external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)
Tympanic part
Extends inward toward the center of the skull. thick, bony ridge that houses the middle and inner ears
Petrous
Makes up the majority of the skulls posterior wall and base
Occipital bone
What’s the prominent feature of the occipital bone?
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
The opening where the brainstem connects to the spinal cord
Foramen Magnum
Two rounded projections on either side of the foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Points of attachment for several neck muscles that move the head
Nuchal lines
A single bone that extends completely across the skull and somewhat resembles a butterfly
Spenoid bone
The central region of the spenoid bone which is modified to resemble a structure of a saddle
Sella turcica
It contains the pituitary gland
Spenoid bone
Very porous, fragile bone
Centrally located
Forms the nasal septum, large portion of nasal cavity, medial wall of orbits
Ethmoid bone (ehtmos -sieve)
Prominent ridge of the bone
Attachment site for brain meninges
Crista galli
Found on each side of the crista galli
- Houses olfactory bulbs
- Contains numerous
Cribriform plate
Allow olfactory nerves to enter the nasal cavity
Olfactory foramina
Forms the superior portion the nasal septum - divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves
Perpendicular plate
Zygomatic bone
Cheekbones
What forms the maxilla?
Upper jaw
Roof of the mouth
Center of the face
Have the horizontal plates that fuse centrally to form the posterior portion of the hard palate
Palatine bones
Smallest of the skull bones
House the depression through which the nasolacrimal duct enters the nasolacrimal canal, joining the orbits and nasal cavity
Lacrimal bones
Form the bridge of the nose
Nasal bones
One of the three conchae in the nasal cavity that provide increased surface area
Inferior nasal conchae
Forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum
Vomer
Important for speech and swallowing
The only bone in the body that is not directly attached to another bone, muscles and ligaments attach it to the skull
Hyoid bone
It is the only skull bone that is freely movable
Mandible
Passage of nerves and blood bessels to the chin
Mental foramen
How many bones are there in the vertebral column? Name them
26 bones
Cervical curvature - C1-C7
Thoracic curvature T1- T12
Lumbar curvature L1- L5
Sacrum
Coccyx
Curves anteriorly
Cervical region
Lumbar
Curves posteriorly
Lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
What are the general features of vertebrae?
Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Vertebral process
It is the solid bondy disc of each vertebra that supports the body’s weigth
Vertebral body
Protects the spinal cord
Vertebral arch
Occupies spinal cord
Vetebral foramen
What are the various processes
Transverse process
Spinous process
It extends from each side of the arch between the lamina and pedicle
Transverse process
Lies at the junction between the two laminae
Spinous process
Support only the weight of the head - small bodies
Cervical vertebrae
What are the two vertebrae
Atlas
Axis
Least movable of the five regions
Thoracic vertebrae
Supports the majority of the body’s weight
Lumbar vertebrae
Located between the two hip bone
Sacrum
Opening that terminates vertebral canal; common anesthesia injection site
Sacral hiatus
