DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB Flashcards
consists of digestive tract or
gastrointestinal and specific
associated organs
digestive system
The specific portions of the digestive tract
a) oral cavity or mouth
b) pharynx or throat
c) esophagus
d) stomach
e) small intestine and large intestine
f) anus
The specific associated organs of the digestive tract
a) salivary glands
b) liver
c) pancreas
what are the processes of the mouth
- Mastication (chewing) of food
- Mixing masticated food with saliva
- Initiation of swallowing by the tongue
- Allowing for the sense of taste
not part of the digestive system
Nasopharynx
posterior to oral cavity
Oropharynx
below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus
laryngopharynx
Runs from pharynx to stomach through
the diaphragm
esophagus
- Conducts food by peristalsis
(slow rhythmic squeezing) - Passageway for food only (respiratory
system branches off after the pharynx)
esophagus
where does the food enters?
at the cardio esophageal
sphincter
major site of digestion and absorption
small intestine
Site of nutrient absorption into the blood
small intestine
Muscular tube extending form the
pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
small intestine
what are the subdivisions of the small intestine?
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
*Attached to the stomach and curves around the head of the pancreas
duodenum
Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum
jejunum
Extends from jejunum to large intestine
ileum
Larger in diameter, but shorter than the
small intestine and frames the internal abdomen
large intestine
the large intestine is consist of
- cecum
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal
absorption of water and eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces
large intestine
it does not participate in digestion of food
large intestine
it produce mucus to act as a lubricant
goblet cells
it produces glands
saliva
it is located anterior to ears
parotid galnds
Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food
pancreas
what are the endocrine products of pancreas?
insulin and glucagons
Largest internal organ of the
body and it is located on the right side of
the body under the
diaphragm
liver
Consists of four lobes suspended from the
diaphragm and abdominal wall by the falciform
ligament
liver
what are the two sources of liver that receives blood?
hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
-delivers oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic artery
carries nutrient-rich blood from the
digestive tract to the liver
hepatic portal vein
hexagon-shaped regions surrounded by connective tissue septa and defined by a portal
triad at each corner and a central vein in the center of the lobule
hepatic lobules
small sac on the inferior surface of the liver that stores concentrated bile
gall bladder
Bile is introduced into the duodenum in the presence of fatty food
gall bladder
it can cause blockage
gallstones
a region containing a branch of the hepatic artery, a branch of the hepatic portal vein, and a bile duct
triad
Connected to the gall bladder via the common hepatic duct
liver
Alkaline fluid introduced with enzymes
neutralizes acidic chyme
pancreas
it is lined with simple columnar
epithelium
mucosa
small intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the _____
mesentry
Layers of the gastrointestinal tract
Mucosa
Submusosa
Muscularis
Serosa or adventitia
Liver units
Lobules
Functional cells of the liver
Hepatocytes
the portal triads
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic duct
Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity
Stomach
In the pancreas, where is the enzyme secreted?
Duodenum
Breakdown of ingested food
Digestion
Passage of nutrients into the blood
Absorption
Production of cellular energy ATP
Metabolism
