Endocrine System (Laboratory) Flashcards
system of ductless glands that secretes hormones
endocrine system
changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients may also stimulate hormone release.
humoral stimuli
stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release the catecholamines norepinemines and peripherin during periods of stress.
neutral stimuli
master gland that size like a pea
pituitary gland
anterior pituitary gland
adenohypophysis (glandular tissue)
posterior pituitary
neurohypophysis (nervous tissue)
what are the 9 hormones that secretes pituitary gland?
ANTERIOR:
ACTH
FSH
LH
TSH
PRL
GH
MSH
POSTERIOR:
OXYTOCIN
ADH
what are the tropic hormones that also regulates the function of other hormones?
ACTH
FSH
LH
TSH
stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
promotes ovulation and progesterone production in ovary; promote testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis
follicle stimulating hormone FSH
promote follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary; promotes sperm cell production in testis
luteinizing hormone LH
stimulates thyroid gland hormone secretion (T4 and T3)
thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
increases melanin production to make skin color darker
melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH
stimulates and maintain milk production
prolactin PRL
released in significant amounts in childbirth and nursing
oxytocin
stimulates contractions of uterine muscle during sexual relations and during labor
oxytocin
causes the milk “let-down” reflex
oxytocin
promotes water retention by kidneys
antidiuretic hormone ADH
antidiuretic hormone sometimes referred to as
vasopressin
small, cone shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
pineal gland
what is the only hormone in the pineal gland appears to be secreted in substantial amounts
melatonin
located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the adams apple.
thyroid gland
fairly large gland consisting of two lobes joined by a central mass or isthmus
thyroid gland
stimulates metabolism
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
reduces blood calcium
calcitonin
are tiny masses of glandular tissue most often on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
the most important regulator of calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis of the blood.
parathyroid hormone PTH
PTH =
hypercalcemic
Calcitonin
hypo calcemic
located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum. large in infants and children, it decreases in size throughout adulthood
thymus
what thymus produces?
thymosin
it is important for proper T-cell development and differentiation
thymosin
curve over the top of kidneys like triangular hats and consist of adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
adrenal glands
what are the 3 layers that contains adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
produces three major groups (name them) of steroid hormones, which are collectively called
corticosteroids
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones
what does adrenal medulla releases?
2 similar hormones;
epinephrine
norepinephrine
important in regulating the mineral or salt content of the blood, particularly the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions
mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)
includes cortisone and cortisol
glucocorticoids
promote normal cell metabolism and help the body to resist long term stressors, primarily by increasing the blood glucose.
cortisone and cortisol
located behind the stomach in the abdominal cavity and it is mixed gland
pancreas
what are the important hormones produced by the islets
insulin and glucagon
stimulate uterine lining growth; development and maintain of female secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
promotes growth of uterine lining
progesterone
ovaries produce 2 groups of steroid hormones
female gonads (ovaries)
the paired oval testes of the male are suspended in a sac, the scrotum, outside the pelvic cavity
male gonads (testes)
it supports sperm formation development and maintain of male secondary sex characteristics
androgens (testosterone)
