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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Endocrine System (Laboratory) > Flashcards

Endocrine System (Laboratory) Flashcards

1
Q

system of ductless glands that secretes hormones

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients may also stimulate hormone release.

A

humoral stimuli

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3
Q

stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release the catecholamines norepinemines and peripherin during periods of stress.

A

neutral stimuli

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4
Q

master gland that size like a pea

A

pituitary gland

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5
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis (glandular tissue)

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

posterior pituitary

A

neurohypophysis (nervous tissue)

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7
Q

what are the 9 hormones that secretes pituitary gland?

A

ANTERIOR:
ACTH
FSH
LH
TSH
PRL
GH
MSH

POSTERIOR:
OXYTOCIN
ADH

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8
Q

what are the tropic hormones that also regulates the function of other hormones?

A

ACTH
FSH
LH
TSH

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9
Q

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

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10
Q

promotes ovulation and progesterone production in ovary; promote testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis

A

follicle stimulating hormone FSH

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11
Q

promote follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary; promotes sperm cell production in testis

A

luteinizing hormone LH

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11
Q

stimulates thyroid gland hormone secretion (T4 and T3)

A

thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

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12
Q

increases melanin production to make skin color darker

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH

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13
Q

stimulates and maintain milk production

A

prolactin PRL

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14
Q

released in significant amounts in childbirth and nursing

A

oxytocin

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15
Q

stimulates contractions of uterine muscle during sexual relations and during labor

A

oxytocin

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16
Q

causes the milk “let-down” reflex

A

oxytocin

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

promotes water retention by kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone ADH

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19
Q

antidiuretic hormone sometimes referred to as

A

vasopressin

20
Q

small, cone shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

A

pineal gland

21
Q

what is the only hormone in the pineal gland appears to be secreted in substantial amounts

A

melatonin

22
Q

located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the adams apple.

A

thyroid gland

23
Q

fairly large gland consisting of two lobes joined by a central mass or isthmus

A

thyroid gland

24
Q

stimulates metabolism

A

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

25
Q

reduces blood calcium

A

calcitonin

26
Q

are tiny masses of glandular tissue most often on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid gland

27
Q

the most important regulator of calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis of the blood.

A

parathyroid hormone PTH

28
Q

PTH =

A

hypercalcemic

29
Q

Calcitonin

A

hypo calcemic

30
Q

located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum. large in infants and children, it decreases in size throughout adulthood

A

thymus

31
Q

what thymus produces?

A

thymosin

32
Q

it is important for proper T-cell development and differentiation

A

thymosin

33
Q

curve over the top of kidneys like triangular hats and consist of adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

A

adrenal glands

34
Q

what are the 3 layers that contains adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

35
Q

produces three major groups (name them) of steroid hormones, which are collectively called

A

corticosteroids

mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones

36
Q

what does adrenal medulla releases?

A

2 similar hormones;
epinephrine
norepinephrine

37
Q
A
37
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q

important in regulating the mineral or salt content of the blood, particularly the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions

A

mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)

39
Q

includes cortisone and cortisol

A

glucocorticoids

40
Q

promote normal cell metabolism and help the body to resist long term stressors, primarily by increasing the blood glucose.

A

cortisone and cortisol

41
Q

located behind the stomach in the abdominal cavity and it is mixed gland

A

pancreas

42
Q

what are the important hormones produced by the islets

A

insulin and glucagon

43
Q

stimulate uterine lining growth; development and maintain of female secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen

44
Q

promotes growth of uterine lining

A

progesterone

45
Q

ovaries produce 2 groups of steroid hormones

A

female gonads (ovaries)

46
Q

the paired oval testes of the male are suspended in a sac, the scrotum, outside the pelvic cavity

A

male gonads (testes)

47
Q

it supports sperm formation development and maintain of male secondary sex characteristics

A

androgens (testosterone)

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (11 decks)

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