RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LEC Flashcards
consists of the structures used to acquire oxygen (O2 ) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the blood
respiratory system
it is required for the body’s cells to synthesize the chemical energy molecule, ATP
oxygen
a by-product of ATP production and must be removed from the blood
carbon dioxide
it must be maintained within relatively narrow limits to maintain homeostasis
blood pH
what will happen if there is an increase levels of CO2?
it will lower the pH of the blood
encloses the chamber for air inspiration. Although air can be inspired through the mouth, the mouth is part of the digestive system rather than the respiratory system.
external nose
a cleaning, warming, and humidifying chamber for inspired air
nasal cavity
commonly called the throat. It serves as a shared passageway for food and air
pharynx
frequently called the voice box. Its rigid structure helps keep the airway constantly open, or patent
larynx
commonly known as the windpipe. It serves as an air-cleaning tube to funnel inspired air to each lung
trachea
tubes that direct air into the lungs
bronchi
a labyrinth of air tubes and a complex network of air sacs, called alveoli, and capillaries
lungs
The air sacs are separated by
walls of connective tissue containing both collagenous and elastic fibers
what is the major function of the respiratory system?
to supply the body with oxygen and to dispose of carbon dioxide
what are the four distinct events in the respiratory system?
pulmonary ventilation
external respiration
respiratory gas transport
internal respiration
moving air in and out of the lungs
pulmonary ventilation
gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
external respiration
transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
respiratory gas transport
gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
internal respiration
two phases in the pulmonary ventilation
inspiration
expiration
a phase in pulmonary ventilation that flow of air into the lung
inspiration
a phase in pulmonary ventilation that air is leaving the lungs
expiration
in inspiration what organ/s contracts?
diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity
expiration
as the muscles relax, what is being pushed out of the lungs?
air
it can occur mostly by contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage
forced expiration
Can be caused by reflexes or voluntary actions
Nonrespiratory Air Movements
Sounds are monitored with a stethoscope
respiratory sounds
produced by air rushing through trachea and bronchi
bronchi sounds
soft sounds of air filling alveoli
vesicular breathing sounds
physical factors influencing respiratory rate and depth
Increased body temperature
Exercise
Talking
Coughing
Volition (conscious control)
Emotional factors
chemical influencing respiratory rate and depth
Carbon dioxide levels
oxygen levels
