Skeletal System (Laboratory)

Question 1

Secreted by cells in the parathyroid gland- increases blood calcium levels

Answer 1

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

Question 2

It is a steroid hormone derived from vitamin D3

Answer 2

Calcitriol

Question 3

Secreted from C cells in the thyroid gland - decreases blood calcium levels

Answer 3

Calcitonin

Question 4

Bon matrix

Answer 4

35% organic material
65% inorganic material

Question 5

Collagen and proteoglycans

Answer 5

Organic material

Question 6

Calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite crystals)

Answer 6

Inorganic material

Question 7

Responsible for the major functional characteristics of bone

Answer 7

Collagen and mineral

Question 8

Maintain bone matrix

Answer 8

Osteocytes

Question 9

Housed in lacunae

Answer 9

Osteocytes

Question 10

Bond destroying cells

Answer 10

Osteoclasts

Question 11

Massive, multinucleated

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Question 12

Releases powerful lysosomal enzymes and acid

Answer 12

Osteoclasts

Question 13

Digest the protein and mineral components of the underlying extracellular bone matrix

Answer 13

Osteoclasts

Question 14

Breakdown of bone

Answer 14

Bone reabsorption

Question 15

As bone is broken down, the ___ goes back into the blood.

Answer 15

Ca2+

Question 16

What are the classification of bones

Answer 16

Long, short, flat, irregular bones

Question 17

Cancellous bone

Answer 17

Spongy bone

Question 18

Consists of trabeculae:
- interconnecting rods or plates of bone
- no blood vessels; obtain nutrients through canaliculi

Answer 18

Spongy bone

Question 19

Location of spongy bone

Answer 19

Epiphyses of long bones and center of the other bones

Question 20

Cortical bone

Answer 20

Compact bone

Question 21

The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone

Answer 21

Cortical bone/compact bone

Question 22

Structural unit of compact bone, includes lamella, lacunae, canaliculus, central canal, osteocytes

Answer 22

Osteon

Question 23

Rings of bon matrix

Answer 23

Lamella

Question 24

Spaces vetween lamella

Answer 24

Lacunae

Question 25

Center of osteon and contains blood vessels

Answer 25

Central canal

Question 26

tiny canals and transport nutrients and remove waste

Answer 26

Canaliculus

Question 27

Shaft Compact bone tissue (on outside)

Answer 27

Diaphysis

Question 28

End Spongy bond tissue

Answer 28

Epiphysis

Question 29

It covers the epiphysis and reduces friction

Answer 29

Articular cartilage

Question 30

Site of growth Between diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 30

Epiphyseal plate

Question 31

When bone stops growing in length, an epiphyseal plate becomes ossified

Answer 31

Epiphyseal line

Question 32

Center of diaphysis Red or yellow marrow

Answer 32

Madullary cavity

Question 33

Site of blood cell formation

Answer 33

Red marrow

Question 34

Adipose tissue

Answer 34

Yellow marrow

Question 35

Membrane around bone's outer surface

Answer 35

Periosteum

Question 36

Membrane that lines the medullary cavity and smaller cavities (spongy and compact bone)

Answer 36

Endosteum

Question 37

It is the process of bone formation that occurs in the utero

Answer 37

Ossification

Question 38

What are the types of ossification?

Answer 38

Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification

Question 39

Bone formation within embryonic connective tissue membranes

Answer 39

Intramembranous ossification

Question 40

Osteoblasts build bone

Answer 40

Intramembranous ossification

Question 41

Locations in the membrane where intramembranous ossification starts

Answer 41

Centers of ossification

Question 42

Cartilage models are replaced by bone

Answer 42

Endochondral ossification

Question 43

Bones of base of the skull

Answer 43

Endochondral ossification

Question 44

Endochondral ossification

Answer 44

1. Cartilage model formation 2. Bone collar formation 3. Primary ossification center 4. Secondary ossification center 5. Adult bone

Question 45

Formation of new bone on surface of ilder or cartilage

Answer 45

Appositional growth

Question 46

Epiphyseal plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line

Answer 46

Appositional growth

Question 47

Removal of exiting bone

Answer 47

Osteoclasts

Question 48

Deposition of new bone

Answer 48

Osteoblasts

Question 49

Responsible for changes in bone shape, bone repair, adjustment of bone to stress, and calcium ion regulation

Answer 49

Bone remodeling

Question 50

Major site for calcium

Answer 50

Bone

Question 51

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by the following

Answer 51

Parathyroid hormone PTH Calcitriol Calcitonin