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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Skeletal System (Laboratory) > Flashcards

Skeletal System (Laboratory) Flashcards

1
Q

Secreted by cells in the parathyroid gland- increases blood calcium levels

A

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

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2
Q

It is a steroid hormone derived from vitamin D3

A

Calcitriol

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3
Q

Secreted from C cells in the thyroid gland - decreases blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

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4
Q

Bon matrix

A

35% organic material
65% inorganic material

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5
Q

Collagen and proteoglycans

A

Organic material

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6
Q

Calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite crystals)

A

Inorganic material

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7
Q

Responsible for the major functional characteristics of bone

A

Collagen and mineral

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8
Q

Maintain bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

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9
Q

Housed in lacunae

A

Osteocytes

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10
Q

Bond destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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11
Q

Massive, multinucleated

A

Osteoclasts

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12
Q

Releases powerful lysosomal enzymes and acid

A

Osteoclasts

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13
Q

Digest the protein and mineral components of the underlying extracellular bone matrix

A

Osteoclasts

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14
Q

Breakdown of bone

A

Bone reabsorption

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15
Q

As bone is broken down, the ___ goes back into the blood.

A

Ca2+

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16
Q

What are the classification of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular bones

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17
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone

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18
Q

Consists of trabeculae:
- interconnecting rods or plates of bone
- no blood vessels; obtain nutrients through canaliculi

A

Spongy bone

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19
Q

Location of spongy bone

A

Epiphyses of long bones and center of the other bones

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20
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

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21
Q

The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone

A

Cortical bone/compact bone

22
Q

Structural unit of compact bone, includes lamella, lacunae, canaliculus, central canal, osteocytes

23
Q

Rings of bon matrix

24
Q

Spaces vetween lamella

25
Q

Center of osteon and contains blood vessels

A

Central canal

26
Q

tiny canals and transport nutrients and remove waste

A

Canaliculus

27
Q

Shaft
Compact bone tissue (on outside)

28
Q

End
Spongy bond tissue

29
Q

It covers the epiphysis and reduces friction

A

Articular cartilage

30
Q

Site of growth
Between diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

31
Q

When bone stops growing in length, an epiphyseal plate becomes ossified

A

Epiphyseal line

32
Q

Center of diaphysis
Red or yellow marrow

A

Madullary cavity

33
Q

Site of blood cell formation

A

Red marrow

34
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Yellow marrow

35
Q

Membrane around bone’s outer surface

A

Periosteum

36
Q

Membrane that lines the medullary cavity and smaller cavities (spongy and compact bone)

37
Q

It is the process of bone formation that occurs in the utero

A

Ossification

38
Q

What are the types of ossification?

A

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

39
Q

Bone formation within embryonic connective tissue membranes

A

Intramembranous ossification

40
Q

Osteoblasts build bone

A

Intramembranous ossification

41
Q

Locations in the membrane where intramembranous ossification starts

A

Centers of ossification

42
Q

Cartilage models are replaced by bone

A

Endochondral ossification

43
Q

Bones of base of the skull

A

Endochondral ossification

44
Q

Endochondral ossification

A
  1. Cartilage model formation
  2. Bone collar formation
  3. Primary ossification center
  4. Secondary ossification center
  5. Adult bone
45
Q

Formation of new bone on surface of ilder or cartilage

A

Appositional growth

46
Q

Epiphyseal plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line

A

Appositional growth

47
Q

Removal of exiting bone

A

Osteoclasts

48
Q

Deposition of new bone

A

Osteoblasts

49
Q

Responsible for changes in bone shape, bone repair, adjustment of bone to stress, and calcium ion regulation

A

Bone remodeling

50
Q

Major site for calcium

51
Q

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by the following

A

Parathyroid hormone PTH
Calcitriol
Calcitonin

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (11 decks)

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