Skeletal system LAB notes

Question 1

what are the 6 bone classifications based on shape

Answer 1

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
seamoid bones
wormian bones

Question 2

how do sesamoid bones form

Answer 2

within tendones due to friction

Question 3

does everyone have wormian bones

Answer 3

no, they vary from person to person and are found within sutures of the skull

Question 4

where are chondrocytes located in hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

within lacunae

Question 5

where are blood vessels and nerve found in compact bone

Answer 5

in the hvaersian canal

Question 6

where is red bone marrow and blood vessels found in spongy bone

Answer 6

in the spaces betweeen trabeculae

Question 7

how many bones are in the axial skeleton

Answer 7

80

Question 8

how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

126

Question 9

what is a suture

Answer 9

an immovable joint between skull bones

Question 10

what are sinuses

Answer 10

air filled chambers within skull bone that are lined with mucuous membrane

Question 11

what are sinuses continuous with

Answer 11

the nasal cavity

Question 12

what is the function of sinuses

Answer 12

cleans and moistens air
changes resonanse of voice
lightens skull

Question 13

what are the 4 sinuses

Answer 13

frontal
maxilla
ethmoid
sphenoid

Question 14

what are the two parts of a vertebral arch

Answer 14

laminae and pedicles

Question 15

what is the functions of the vertebral column

Answer 15

support skull
support thoracic cage
support appendages
allow for upright posture
protect spinal cord

Question 16

what does the body of a vertebrae do

Answer 16

support weight

Question 17

what does the spinous process attach to

Answer 17

muslces s

Question 18

What does the atlas lack

Answer 18

a body

Question 19

what extra thing does the axis have

Answer 19

dens

Question 20

what is the functional reason for the spine to curve

Answer 20

to absorb shock
adds springiness/strength
upright posture

Question 21

what are primary curves called

Answer 21

accomodation curves

Question 22

what are secondary curves called

Answer 22

compensation curves

Question 23

what are the 2 accomodation curves

Answer 23

thoracic and sacral

Question 24

what are the 2 compensation curves

Answer 24

cervical and lumbar

Question 25

what curves develop before birth? which ones after?

Answer 25

before is thoracic and sacral
after is cervical and lumbar

Question 26

what is scoliosis

Answer 26

lateral curvature abnormalitie

Question 27

what is kyphosis

Answer 27

exagerated thoracic curve abnormality

Question 28

what is lordosis

Answer 28

exaggerated lumbar curve abnormality

Question 29

how many ribs are there, what are they named

Answer 29

12 pairs
true ribs: 1 to 7
false ribs: 8 to 12
floating ribs 11 and 12

Question 30

why are there differences between male and female bones (pelvis) 2 examples

Answer 30

1. related to body size/muscle mass (men have more testosterone and more prominent bony markings )
2. related to child bearing

Question 31

what are the 3 bones fused to form pelvis

Answer 31

illium, ishium, and pubis

Question 32

what are the 3 differeneces between a male and female pelvis

Answer 32

males are 90 degree angle, heart-shaped hole, more upright pointing ilium
females are greater than 90 degree angle, oval shaped hole, and have a fanned out ilium

Question 33

what is on the back of the patella

Answer 33

lateral condylar facet
and medial condylar facet

Question 34

how do you know which patella you have

Answer 34

lateral condylar facet is LARGEr and goes to the LATERAL side