Skeletal system LAB notes Flashcards
what are the 6 bone classifications based on shape
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
seamoid bones
wormian bones
how do sesamoid bones form
within tendones due to friction
does everyone have wormian bones
no, they vary from person to person and are found within sutures of the skull
where are chondrocytes located in hyaline cartilage
within lacunae
where are blood vessels and nerve found in compact bone
in the hvaersian canal
where is red bone marrow and blood vessels found in spongy bone
in the spaces betweeen trabeculae
how many bones are in the axial skeleton
80
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton
126
what is a suture
an immovable joint between skull bones
what are sinuses
air filled chambers within skull bone that are lined with mucuous membrane
what are sinuses continuous with
the nasal cavity
what is the function of sinuses
cleans and moistens air
changes resonanse of voice
lightens skull
what are the 4 sinuses
frontal
maxilla
ethmoid
sphenoid
what are the two parts of a vertebral arch
laminae and pedicles
what is the functions of the vertebral column
support skull
support thoracic cage
support appendages
allow for upright posture
protect spinal cord
what does the body of a vertebrae do
support weight
what does the spinous process attach to
muslces s
What does the atlas lack
a body
what extra thing does the axis have
dens
what is the functional reason for the spine to curve
to absorb shock
adds springiness/strength
upright posture
what are primary curves called
accomodation curves
what are secondary curves called
compensation curves
what are the 2 accomodation curves
thoracic and sacral
what are the 2 compensation curves
cervical and lumbar
what curves develop before birth? which ones after?
before is thoracic and sacral
after is cervical and lumbar
what is scoliosis
lateral curvature abnormalitie
what is kyphosis
exagerated thoracic curve abnormality
what is lordosis
exaggerated lumbar curve abnormality
how many ribs are there, what are they named
12 pairs
true ribs: 1 to 7
false ribs: 8 to 12
floating ribs 11 and 12
why are there differences between male and female bones (pelvis) 2 examples
- related to body size/muscle mass (men have more testosterone and more prominent bony markings )
- related to child bearing
what are the 3 bones fused to form pelvis
illium, ishium, and pubis
what are the 3 differeneces between a male and female pelvis
males are 90 degree angle, heart-shaped hole, more upright pointing ilium
females are greater than 90 degree angle, oval shaped hole, and have a fanned out ilium
what is on the back of the patella
lateral condylar facet
and medial condylar facet
how do you know which patella you have
lateral condylar facet is LARGEr and goes to the LATERAL side
