Cell structure

Question 1

what is a cell

Answer 1

the smallest possible unit of life made up of organelles

Question 2

Prokaryote characteristcs

Answer 2

smaller, only unicellular, no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles, circular DNA,

Question 3

eukaryote characteristics

Answer 3

larger, can be uni or multi celled, has a nuclues and membrane bound organelles, linear DNA

Question 4

pro and euk cells examples

Answer 4

pro is bacteria
euk is plants, animals, protest, and fungi

Question 5

why dont all cells within a multicellular organism look alike

Answer 5

some are specialized with different functions

Question 6

what does it mean to be specialized

Answer 6

altered for a specific function

Question 7

what does differentiaition mean

Answer 7

a process by which cells become specalized because some genes are expressed and some are turned off which dictates what proteins are made

Question 8

what are some organelles present in both pro and euk

Answer 8

ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
chromosomes
cytoskeleton

Question 9

what is the functional relationship among the components of the cytomembrane system

Answer 9

they work together and are involved in the synthesis of proteins/membrane

Question 10

what are organells only found in euk

Answer 10

mitochondria,
rER/sER,
golgi apparatus
nucleus

Question 11

rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 11

to synthesise proteins that will be exported form the cell, contained within the vesicle, or embedded within the membrane

Question 12

polysomes function

Answer 12

ribosomes linked together by mRNA and synthesize cytoplasmic proteins

Question 13

function of free ribosomes

Answer 13

these are inactive

Question 14

why cant animals do photosynthesis

Answer 14

because they dont have cholorplast/cholorphyll

Question 15

what are some characteristics of the ancestral prok that allowed it to evolve into the first euk

Answer 15

there was a nuclues present, lots of folding of the cell membrane (ER present), increased size, evolved ability to enfulf without digestion

Question 16

what is the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 16

a theory that the euk cells came from prokaryotes . because one smaller pro was engulfed by a larger one and they then formed a symbiotic relationship

Question 17

what evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 17

mitochondria has dna present, euk have a double membrane, euk have ribosomes that are smaller than in chloroplast and sim to pro, euk also duplicate similar to prok.

Question 18

Microfilaments main structure

Answer 18

made up of strands of the protein actin and other proteins.

Question 19

microfilaments main function

Answer 19

to drive cellular motion, like contraction

Question 20

intermediate filaments structure

Answer 20

made up of fibrous proteins that are organized into tough, ropelike assemblages

Question 21

intermediate filaments function

Answer 21

to help maintain cell shape, hold neighboring cells together, or make up the nuclear lamina

Question 22

microtubules structure

Answer 22

long, hollow cycinders made up of many molecules of the protein tubulin

Question 23

microtubules function

Answer 23

interactions between microtubules drive the movement of cells.

Question 24

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 24

long proteins that interconnect

Question 25

cytoskeleton function

Answer 25

maintain shape and movement (either the cell within their environment or organelles within the cytoplasm).

Question 26

why dont prok need an extensive cytoskeleton

Answer 26

they dont have membrane bound organelles
the are really small and can just use diffusion
shape is maintained with a cell wall, not proteins.