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Anatomy 1 > Cell membrane physiology > Flashcards

Cell membrane physiology Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

what is the plasma membrane

A

a boundary between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

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2
Q

what does the plasma membrane control

A

the contents of the cell
what passes into and out of the cell

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3
Q

what does the plasma membrane monitor

A

monitors the Extracellular fluid (ECF), like chemical signals and its composition

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4
Q

what does the plasma membrane do structurally

A

it provides structural support

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5
Q

how does the plasma membrane establish membrane potential

A

it seperates charges at rest- slighly more- on the inside

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6
Q

what are the 4 componenets in the plasma membrane

A

plospholipds
cholesterol
proteins
carbohydrates

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of phospholipds

A

glycerol
phosphate head
fatty acid tail

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8
Q

how much of the plasma membrane is phospholipids

A

75 %

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9
Q

what does glycerol do in phospholipds

A

it is a linking molecule

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10
Q

what does the phosphate head do in phospholipids

A

it is polar
water soluble/ hydrophilic
arranged that it faces toward both ECF and ICF

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11
Q

what does the fatty acid tail do in phospholipids

A

there are 2 per
non polar/ no charged regions
is water insoluble/ hydrophobic

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12
Q

what are two theories associated with phospholips

A

phospholipid bilyar and fuid mosaic model

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13
Q

what does the phospholipid bilayer do (info)

A

arranged in a way that minimizes hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions
heads go to ETC and ITC, whereas the tails are sandwiched in the middle

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14
Q

What does the fluid mosaic model do (info)

A

it means that phopholipds can move freely within the membrane BUT they cant flip.
some of the molecules movements are limited

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15
Q

how much of the plasma membrane is cholesterol

A

25 %

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16
Q

what does cholesterol do

A

fill gaps between fatty acid tails

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17
Q

what happens when the plasma membrane is punctured

A

it can self seal. the vessicles do blebbing/fusing

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18
Q

what are the 2 things that cholesterol decreases

A

permeability to water and
fluidity

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19
Q

how does cholesteral decrease the cells permeability to water

A

it decreases space so that water can not sneak through. more cholesterol means less spaces for water to be sneaky through

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20
Q

how deos cholesteral decrease the cells fuidity

A

with the fluid mosaic model that a tighter fit means there will be less movement of phospholipids within the membrane

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21
Q

membrane proteins structure . what are the 2 types

A

integral are embedded within the whole membrane
peripheral are attached to either inside or outside of the membrane

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22
Q

what are some functions of membrane proteins

A

anchoring to the cytoskeleton
transport proteins
receptors
enzymes
recognition proteins

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23
Q

what are major histocompatibilaty complex proteins (MHC)

A

identify self vs. nonself or disease vs non disease cells.
This is huge for transplants and finding good matches

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24
Q

what is the main description for cell permeability

A

they are semi/selectively permeable

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25
what does selectively permeable mean
that the cell regulates what enters and exits cell this restriction is based on size, electrical charge, molecular shape, and lipid solubility
26
how is the movement across the membrane monitored / what is the order of molecules permeability scale (4)
High permeability Small, nonpolar molecules Small, uncharged polar molecules Large, uncharged polar molecules Ions Low permeability
27
why are cells typically very small?
because they are limited by how quickly stuff can enter or exit through the cell membrane and how quickly stuff can move around in the cytoplasm
28
What is cell size limited by
surface area
29
as a cell size increase, what else increases
surface area and volume
30
what ratio is key to a cell
SA to Volume ratio
31
what does an increase in volume do to a cell
there is an increase in metabolism and an increase in the distance needed to travel within the cytoplasm
32
what 2 main things are cell size limited by
surface area and by the rate materials can cross the membrane
33
what are the two main types of transport
passive transport and active transport
34
what is passive transport
molecules move down a concentration gradient no energy is needed
35
what is active transport
molecules move against a concentration gradient energy is required
36
what are the 3 types of passive transport
diffusion, osmosis, and facillitated diffusion
37
what are the 2 types of active transport
active transport and vesicular transport
38
Diffusion process
particles go down concentration gradient . move from high conc to low conc due to thermal energy no energy is consumed
39
osmosis process
diffusion of water across membrane
40
facilitated diffusion process
diffusion across membrane that is carrier mediated
41
what type of protein mediates facilitated diffusion
integral protein
42
what is diffusion def
random movement (of each molecule) of a substance from high to low concentration (net movement)
43
brownian movement def
molecules are in constant motion due to thermal energy
44
solute def
anything that is dissolved into a solution (like salt)
45
solvent def
what it is dissolved into (like water)
46
what is the rate of diffusion related to
temperature, concentration gradient, steepness, molecular size, electrical gradient, pressure gradient
47
why do living organisms consume energy
to advoid equilibrium
48
equilibrium def (in regard to diffusion)
the net movement in = the net movement out
49
tonicity def
related to solute concentration of 2 fluids it predicts movement of water
50
osmotic pressure def
pulling pressure due to non diffusible solutes
51
isotonic solution def
same solute concentration in both solutions
52
hypertonic solution def
higher solute concentration and a lower water concentration
53
hypotonic solution def
low solute concentration and a higher water concentration
54
what is the rule of hyper and hypo tonic solutions
Water tends to move from (net) hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution (still random)
55
hydrostatic pressure def
pushing pressure due to volume of fluid
56
Equilibrium def (in regards to osmosis)
when osmotic pressure is equal and opposite to hydrostatic pressure
57
Two types of tonicity are
crenation and hemolysis
58
could you recover from crenation or hemolysis
crenation, yes hemolysis, no
59
does hyper of hypo tonic cause crenation
hypertonic
60
does hyper or hypo tonic cause hemolysis
hypotonic
61
is facilitated or simple diffusion faster
facilitated
62
why is facilitated diffusion faster
membrane itself limits movement of large polar molecules and ions
63
what type of protein does facilitated diffusion use
integral protein (channel)
64
does facilitated diffusion use ATP
no. it is a high concentration to low concentration
65
what is an integral protein again?
covers both sides of the membrane
66
what are the 3 characteristics of active transport
is movement from a low to high conc. gradient is protein mediated transport (integral) requires atp
67
what is a main example of an active transport
Na + / K+ Pump and Ca ++ Pump
68
what does the Na/K pump do
maintains high K+ in the cytoplasm and low Na+ in the cytoplasm
69
what does the Ca++ pump do
maintains low Ca++ in the cytoplasm
70
what percentage of a cells supply of energy is used to maintain gradients
40 %
71
What does vesicular transport involve
vesicles
72
what are vesicles
membrane bound structures inside a cell
73
Does vesicular transport require ATP
Yes, it is active transport
74
what does vesicular transport do that it requires ATP
moves vessicles and or the cell membrane fuses membrane just properly of phospholipid membraine
75
what is exocytosis in relation to and what does it do
movement out vesicular transport
76
what is endocytosis in relation to and what does it do
movement IN vesicular transport
77
what are the 2 types of endocytosis
pinocytosis and phagocytosis
78
what is pinocytosis reffered to
cell drinking
79
what is phagocytosis refferred to
cell eating
80
what do selectively permeable membranes do
allow some particles to cross while restricting others
81
what does diffusion tend to eliminate
concentration gradients
82
what happens when different solute concentrations exist across a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis moves water such that an isotonic condition is established
83
can active transport mechanisms maintain concentration gradients?
yes

Anatomy 1 (18 decks)

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