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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what is histology

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

what is tissue def

A

group of cells with similar struct;ure, function, and embryologic origin. or collection of cells and cell products that perform specific limited functions

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3
Q

what are the three germ layers

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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4
Q

what does ectoderm become

A

epithelium and nervous tissue

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5
Q

what does mesoderm become

A

muscle, connective tissue and epithelium tissue

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6
Q

what does endoderm become

A

epithelium tissue

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7
Q

what do all cells carry out?

A

complete dna insturctions for all body structures and functions

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8
Q

is the genome identical within an organism

A

yes (minus mutations)

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9
Q

what does it mean that cells are specialized

A

they are desinged for differenent functions

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10
Q

what does differentiation depend on

A

which genes are active and which are inactive

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11
Q

Active vs inactive (protein activity)

A

Active- proteins produced
Inactive- proteins suppressed

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12
Q

heterochromatin def

A

dna that is highly folded
this is linked to inactive genes

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13
Q

euchromatin def

A

dna that is less folded
this is linked to active genes

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14
Q

what are the 4 classes of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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15
Q

epithelial tissue main function

A

line/protect surfaces

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16
Q

connective tissue main function

A

play a variable role in support

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17
Q

muscle tissue main function

A

to generate movement

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18
Q

nervous tissue main function

A

to communicate with electiricity

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19
Q

what layer does epithelial tissue form from

A

all 3 germ layers

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20
Q

what layer does connective tissue form from

A

mesoderm

21
Q

what layer does muscle tissue form from

A

mesoderm

22
Q

what layer does nervous tissue form from

A

ectoderm

23
Q

List the types of epithelial tissue

A

simple squamous
simple cubodial
simple columnar
psudostratified columnar
stratified squamous - dry and wet

24
Q

list the types of connective tissue

A

loose (areolar)
adipose
dense, regular
dense, irregular
hyaline cartilage
compact bone

25
Q

list the types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

26
Q

list the four types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

27
Q

coagulation def

A

clotting

28
Q

what do damaged / dead cells do

A

release chemicals

29
Q

what 2 chemicals can dead cells release

A

histamin and heparin

30
Q

histamin does what

A

increase blood flow and increase permeability of blood vessels

31
Q

vasodialation def

A

increase blood flow

32
Q

heparin does what

A

is a anticoagulent

33
Q

mast cells do what

A

release more inflamatory chemicals (like histamin and herapin)

34
Q

what does inflammation represent usually

A

an increase in blood flow to promote repair

35
Q

what comes with inflammation

A

swelling, redness, heat, pain, sometimes pus,

36
Q

what is the positive of pain

A

it reduces activity in the area to promote repair

37
Q

what has high regeneration

A

epithelial, bone, some connective tissue

38
Q

what has low regeneration

A

smooth muscle, and dense regular CT

39
Q

what has very low regeneration

A

skeletal muscle, cartilage

40
Q

what has no regeneration

A

cardiac muscle, neurons

41
Q

what is scar tissue

A

Connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue

42
Q

what does collagen mainly do

A

holding things together or filling space

43
Q

What are the 3 impacts of age on tissues

A

increased likelihood of damage
decreased ability to repair
increased rates of cancer

44
Q

increased likelihood of damange because of why

A

thinner epithelium/CT
or decreased elastin and collagen
thinner or weaker bones
neuropathy

45
Q

what is neuropathy

A

a decrease in sensation due to degeneration of peripheral nerves

46
Q

what are peripheral nerves

A

axons

47
Q

what is the decreased ability to repair associated with

A

a decrease in energy consumption and a decreased blood flow

48
Q

pressure sores indicate what

A

decreased blood flow because of continuous pressure

49
Q

increased rates of cancer with age are because of what

A

because cancer results from accumulated damage to DNA and is also largely related to time and exposure

Anatomy (18 decks)

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