Histology

Question 1

what is histology

Answer 1

study of tissues

Question 2

what is tissue def

Answer 2

group of cells with similar struct;ure, function, and embryologic origin. or collection of cells and cell products that perform specific limited functions

Question 3

what are the three germ layers

Answer 3

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 4

what does ectoderm become

Answer 4

epithelium and nervous tissue

Question 5

what does mesoderm become

Answer 5

muscle, connective tissue and epithelium tissue

Question 6

what does endoderm become

Answer 6

epithelium tissue

Question 7

what do all cells carry out?

Answer 7

complete dna insturctions for all body structures and functions

Question 8

is the genome identical within an organism

Answer 8

yes (minus mutations)

Question 9

what does it mean that cells are specialized

Answer 9

they are desinged for differenent functions

Question 10

what does differentiation depend on

Answer 10

which genes are active and which are inactive

Question 11

Active vs inactive (protein activity)

Answer 11

Active- proteins produced
Inactive- proteins suppressed

Question 12

heterochromatin def

Answer 12

dna that is highly folded
this is linked to inactive genes

Question 13

euchromatin def

Answer 13

dna that is less folded
this is linked to active genes

Question 14

what are the 4 classes of tissues

Answer 14

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 15

epithelial tissue main function

Answer 15

line/protect surfaces

Question 16

connective tissue main function

Answer 16

play a variable role in support

Question 17

muscle tissue main function

Answer 17

to generate movement

Question 18

nervous tissue main function

Answer 18

to communicate with electiricity

Question 19

what layer does epithelial tissue form from

Answer 19

all 3 germ layers

Question 20

what layer does connective tissue form from

Answer 20

mesoderm

Question 21

what layer does muscle tissue form from

Answer 21

mesoderm

Question 22

what layer does nervous tissue form from

Answer 22

ectoderm

Question 23

List the types of epithelial tissue

Answer 23

simple squamous
simple cubodial
simple columnar
psudostratified columnar
stratified squamous - dry and wet

Question 24

list the types of connective tissue

Answer 24

loose (areolar)
adipose
dense, regular
dense, irregular
hyaline cartilage
compact bone

Question 25

list the types of muscle tissue

Answer 25

skeletal cardiac smooth

Question 26

list the four types of tissues

Answer 26

epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

Question 27

coagulation def

Answer 27

clotting

Question 28

what do damaged / dead cells do

Answer 28

release chemicals

Question 29

what 2 chemicals can dead cells release

Answer 29

histamin and heparin

Question 30

histamin does what

Answer 30

increase blood flow and increase permeability of blood vessels

Question 31

vasodialation def

Answer 31

increase blood flow

Question 32

heparin does what

Answer 32

is a anticoagulent

Question 33

mast cells do what

Answer 33

release more inflamatory chemicals (like histamin and herapin)

Question 34

what does inflammation represent usually

Answer 34

an increase in blood flow to promote repair

Question 35

what comes with inflammation

Answer 35

swelling, redness, heat, pain, sometimes pus,

Question 36

what is the positive of pain

Answer 36

it reduces activity in the area to promote repair

Question 37

what has high regeneration

Answer 37

epithelial, bone, some connective tissue

Question 38

what has low regeneration

Answer 38

smooth muscle, and dense regular CT

Question 39

what has very low regeneration

Answer 39

skeletal muscle, cartilage

Question 40

what has no regeneration

Answer 40

cardiac muscle, neurons

Question 41

what is scar tissue

Answer 41

Connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue

Question 42

what does collagen mainly do

Answer 42

holding things together or filling space

Question 43

What are the 3 impacts of age on tissues

Answer 43

increased likelihood of damage decreased ability to repair increased rates of cancer

Question 44

increased likelihood of damange because of why

Answer 44

thinner epithelium/CT or decreased elastin and collagen thinner or weaker bones neuropathy

Question 45

what is neuropathy

Answer 45

a decrease in sensation due to degeneration of peripheral nerves

Question 46

what are peripheral nerves

Answer 46

axons

Question 47

what is the decreased ability to repair associated with

Answer 47

a decrease in energy consumption and a decreased blood flow

Question 48

pressure sores indicate what

Answer 48

decreased blood flow because of continuous pressure

Question 49

increased rates of cancer with age are because of what

Answer 49

because cancer results from accumulated damage to DNA and is also largely related to time and exposure