Endocrine System Flashcards
what do endocrine glands do
secrete hormones into general circulation
do endocrine glands have ducts
no they are ductless
what is atrial natrivreic peptide
a blood pressure hormone secreted when blood pressure is too high
what are hormone (messenger type)
chemical messengers
what do hormones aim to alter
the activity of a target that has receptors for the hormone.
this changes the type, quantity, or activity of a protein
what are the 4 main functions of the endocrine system
digestion and metabolism of nutrients
water and electrolyte balance
growth and develop,ent
reproduction
how does the endocrine system effect digestion
it modulates digestive process, controls serum glucose concentrations, and modulates the stress response
what pressure does the endocrine system regulate
blood presure
what are endocrine disruptors
they are not natural to the body. they bind hormone receptors and alter the activity going on there
similarities of endocrine system and nervous system… there are 4
they rely on chemical messengers
they share some chemical messengers
they are regulated by feedback loops
and the maintain homeostasis
what chemical messenger is used in the NS
neurotransmitters
what chemical messenger isused in the endocrine system
hormone
what do feedback loops do
regulate hormone production by removing or enhancing a stimulus
what homeostasis does the nervous system aid vs endocrine system
ns is temperature
endocrine is blood glucose
what system uses adrenalin
endocrine
what system uses norepinephrine
NS
is the nervous system or endocrine system faster
the nervous system is faster
what is the duration of effects of the NS
short term effects
what is the duration of effects of the endocrine system
longer term changes
what type of pathway does the NS take
discrete
what type of pathway does the endocrine system take
diffuse pathway
what are the 2 classes of hormones we talked about
steroid and peptide/protein
what are steroid hormones
steroids that have hormone structures
what are steroid hormones derived from
cholesterol
what is progesterone hormone
able to get pregnant
what is cortisol hormone involved in
stress
what is aldosterone hormone involved in
blood pressure
what is testosterone involved in
the male hormone
what is estrogen involved in
the female hormone
how is cholesterol converted to a steroid
several enzymatic steps
where are enzymes present that convert cholesterol to steroid hormones
in adrenal gland and gonads
what are the steps of the mechanism of action for steroid hormones
they diffuse across emmbrane
they bind cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors
the hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA
alters transcription
mRNA moves to cytoplasm to be used in protein synthesis and alter cell structure or activity
what is a peptide/protein hormone
a chain of amino acids
what determines if it is labeled as peptide or protein
the length
how does a peptide hormone enlicity a mechanism of action
interacts with a receptor
activates g protein
activates cytoplasmic protein (adenylate cyclase)
accumulates a 2nd messenger .. cAMP
cAMP changes behavior of other proteins by adding phosphates to proteins
g protein is active when what
when it binds to GTP
g protein is inactive when what
when it binds to GDP
what does albumin decrease
hormone activity
and the hormones breakdown (its available longer)
what does albumin increase
solubility in water
why is it important that glucose is modified upon entering the cell
to maintain steep conc. gradient
to prevent influx of water associated with change in osmotic pressure
if blood glucose levels are too high what happens
a diabetic coma
if blood glucose levels are too low what happens
insulin shock
what do horomes coordinate
cell, tissue, and organ activities
where do hormones circulate
within ECF
what do hormones bind
receptors
what are 3 ways hormones modify cellular activities
changin genetic activity
altering membrane permeability
activating or inactivating enzymes
