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Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what do endocrine glands do

A

secrete hormones into general circulation

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2
Q

do endocrine glands have ducts

A

no they are ductless

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3
Q

what is atrial natrivreic peptide

A

a blood pressure hormone secreted when blood pressure is too high

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4
Q

what are hormone (messenger type)

A

chemical messengers

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5
Q

what do hormones aim to alter

A

the activity of a target that has receptors for the hormone.
this changes the type, quantity, or activity of a protein

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6
Q

what are the 4 main functions of the endocrine system

A

digestion and metabolism of nutrients
water and electrolyte balance
growth and develop,ent
reproduction

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7
Q

how does the endocrine system effect digestion

A

it modulates digestive process, controls serum glucose concentrations, and modulates the stress response

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8
Q

what pressure does the endocrine system regulate

A

blood presure

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9
Q

what are endocrine disruptors

A

they are not natural to the body. they bind hormone receptors and alter the activity going on there

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10
Q

similarities of endocrine system and nervous system… there are 4

A

they rely on chemical messengers
they share some chemical messengers
they are regulated by feedback loops
and the maintain homeostasis

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11
Q

what chemical messenger is used in the NS

A

neurotransmitters

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12
Q

what chemical messenger isused in the endocrine system

A

hormone

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13
Q

what do feedback loops do

A

regulate hormone production by removing or enhancing a stimulus

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14
Q

what homeostasis does the nervous system aid vs endocrine system

A

ns is temperature
endocrine is blood glucose

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15
Q

what system uses adrenalin

A

endocrine

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16
Q

what system uses norepinephrine

A

NS

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17
Q

is the nervous system or endocrine system faster

A

the nervous system is faster

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18
Q

what is the duration of effects of the NS

A

short term effects

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19
Q

what is the duration of effects of the endocrine system

A

longer term changes

20
Q

what type of pathway does the NS take

A

discrete

21
Q

what type of pathway does the endocrine system take

A

diffuse pathway

22
Q

what are the 2 classes of hormones we talked about

A

steroid and peptide/protein

23
Q

what are steroid hormones

A

steroids that have hormone structures

24
Q

what are steroid hormones derived from

A

cholesterol

25
Q

what is progesterone hormone

A

able to get pregnant

26
Q

what is cortisol hormone involved in

A

stress

27
Q

what is aldosterone hormone involved in

A

blood pressure

28
Q

what is testosterone involved in

A

the male hormone

29
Q

what is estrogen involved in

A

the female hormone

30
Q

how is cholesterol converted to a steroid

A

several enzymatic steps

31
Q

where are enzymes present that convert cholesterol to steroid hormones

A

in adrenal gland and gonads

32
Q

what are the steps of the mechanism of action for steroid hormones

A

they diffuse across emmbrane
they bind cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors
the hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA
alters transcription
mRNA moves to cytoplasm to be used in protein synthesis and alter cell structure or activity

33
Q

what is a peptide/protein hormone

A

a chain of amino acids

34
Q

what determines if it is labeled as peptide or protein

A

the length

35
Q

how does a peptide hormone enlicity a mechanism of action

A

interacts with a receptor
activates g protein
activates cytoplasmic protein (adenylate cyclase)
accumulates a 2nd messenger .. cAMP
cAMP changes behavior of other proteins by adding phosphates to proteins

36
Q

g protein is active when what

A

when it binds to GTP

37
Q

g protein is inactive when what

A

when it binds to GDP

38
Q

what does albumin decrease

A

hormone activity
and the hormones breakdown (its available longer)

39
Q

what does albumin increase

A

solubility in water

40
Q

why is it important that glucose is modified upon entering the cell

A

to maintain steep conc. gradient
to prevent influx of water associated with change in osmotic pressure

41
Q

if blood glucose levels are too high what happens

A

a diabetic coma

42
Q

if blood glucose levels are too low what happens

A

insulin shock

43
Q

what do horomes coordinate

A

cell, tissue, and organ activities

44
Q

where do hormones circulate

A

within ECF

45
Q

what do hormones bind

A

receptors

46
Q

what are 3 ways hormones modify cellular activities

A

changin genetic activity
altering membrane permeability
activating or inactivating enzymes

Anatomy (18 decks)

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