Skeletal System Flashcards
Name the 20 major bones in the body
cranium mandible clavicle scapula sternum ribs humerus radius ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges vertebrae pelvis femur patella tibia fibula tarsals metatarsals
Which bones make up the axial skeleton?
cranium
vertebrae
ribs
Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals
Name the different types of bone
long short flat irregular sesamoid
Give examples of long bones
humerus femur radius ulna tibia fibula
Give examples of short bones
carpals
tarsals
Give examples of flat bones
sternum
cranium
Give an example of a irregular bones
vertebrae
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
patella
What is the role of long bones?
they support the weight of the body and provide attachments for powerful muscles to enable movement
What is the role of short bones?
they provide stability and some movement
What is the rols of flat bones
provide protection
What is the role of irregular bones
they help protect internal organs
What is the rols of sesamoid bones?
they develop in tendons to protect the parts they lie over
Identify the 5 functions of the skeletal system
support protection attachment for skeletal muscle blood production mineral storage
Describe how the skeleton supports the body
bones keep the body upright and supports soft tisue such as skin
Explain how the skeleton protects the body
they form a hard case over vital organs to protect them from injury e.g. the brain protects the spinal cord
Explain how the skeletal system provides attachment for skeletal muscles to allow for movement
muscles attach to bones across a joint via tendons. when the muscles contract, they pull the bones, producing movement
Which type of blood cell are produced in bones?
red bloos cells are produced in long bones
Which minerals are stored in bones?
calcium and phosphate
What is the role of ligaments?
join bone to bone
prevent joints from dislocating
What is the role of tendons?
connect muscle to bone
What is the role of cartilage?
protect the ends of bones to stop them rubbing together
Identify the 3 classifications of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
Describe a fixed joint and give an example of one
they don’t allow any movement, e.g. bones in the skull that are fused together
Describe the movement allowed at a cartilaginous joint and give an example of one
they allow a little movement, e.g. the joints between the vertebrae
Describe the movement allowed at synovial joints and give examples of them
they are freely moveable, some more than others
e.g. hip, knee
Name, and give an example of the 6 types of synovial joint
hinge - elbow and knee ball and socket - shoulder and hip pivot - neck condyloid - wrist saddle - thumb gliding - joints between carpals and the tarsals
What is the role of synovial fluid?
to lubricate the joint and reduce friction
Identify the movements that can occur at a joint
flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction
What is flexion?
shortening the anlge at a joint (bending)
What is extension?
lengthening the angle at a joint (straighten)
What is abduction
taking a limb away from the midline of a body
What is adduction
bringing a limb towards the midline of a body
What is circumduction?
A circular movement about a fixed point
Identify 4 disorders of the skeltal system
fracture
osteoarthritis
osteoporosis
rickets
What is a fracture?
A broken bone
What is osteoporosis?
where you have weaker, less dense bones, so they are more likely to break, this can be caused by not having enough calcium or not doing enough weight bearing exercise so they don’t grow strong enough
What is osteoarthritis
a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff
What is rickets?
A condition that affects bone development in children due to a lack of vitamin D, causing bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities
