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Unit 3 - Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 20 major bones in the body

A 
cranium
mandible
clavicle
scapula
sternum
ribs
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
vertebrae
pelvis
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
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2
Q

Which bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

cranium
vertebrae
ribs

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3
Q

Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals

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4
Q

Name the different types of bone

A 
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
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5
Q

Give examples of long bones

A 
humerus
femur
radius
ulna
tibia
fibula
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6
Q

Give examples of short bones

A

carpals

tarsals

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7
Q

Give examples of flat bones

A

sternum

cranium

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8
Q

Give an example of a irregular bones

A

vertebrae

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9
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

A

patella

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10
Q

What is the role of long bones?

A

they support the weight of the body and provide attachments for powerful muscles to enable movement

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11
Q

What is the role of short bones?

A

they provide stability and some movement

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12
Q

What is the rols of flat bones

A

provide protection

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13
Q

What is the role of irregular bones

A

they help protect internal organs

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14
Q

What is the rols of sesamoid bones?

A

they develop in tendons to protect the parts they lie over

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15
Q

Identify the 5 functions of the skeletal system

A 
support
protection
attachment for skeletal muscle
blood production
mineral storage
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16
Q

Describe how the skeleton supports the body

A

bones keep the body upright and supports soft tisue such as skin

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17
Q

Explain how the skeleton protects the body

A

they form a hard case over vital organs to protect them from injury e.g. the brain protects the spinal cord

18
Q

Explain how the skeletal system provides attachment for skeletal muscles to allow for movement

A

muscles attach to bones across a joint via tendons. when the muscles contract, they pull the bones, producing movement

19
Q

Which type of blood cell are produced in bones?

A

red bloos cells are produced in long bones

20
Q

Which minerals are stored in bones?

A

calcium and phosphate

21
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

join bone to bone

prevent joints from dislocating

22
Q

What is the role of tendons?

A

connect muscle to bone

23
Q

What is the role of cartilage?

A

protect the ends of bones to stop them rubbing together

24
Q

Identify the 3 classifications of joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

25
Q

Describe a fixed joint and give an example of one

A

they don’t allow any movement, e.g. bones in the skull that are fused together

26
Q

Describe the movement allowed at a cartilaginous joint and give an example of one

A

they allow a little movement, e.g. the joints between the vertebrae

27
Q

Describe the movement allowed at synovial joints and give examples of them

A

they are freely moveable, some more than others

e.g. hip, knee

28
Q

Name, and give an example of the 6 types of synovial joint

A 
hinge - elbow and knee
ball and socket - shoulder and hip
pivot - neck
condyloid - wrist
saddle - thumb
gliding - joints between carpals and the tarsals
29
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid?

A

to lubricate the joint and reduce friction

30
Q

Identify the movements that can occur at a joint

A 
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction
31
Q

What is flexion?

A

shortening the anlge at a joint (bending)

32
Q

What is extension?

A

lengthening the angle at a joint (straighten)

33
Q

What is abduction

A

taking a limb away from the midline of a body

34
Q

What is adduction

A

bringing a limb towards the midline of a body

35
Q

What is circumduction?

A

A circular movement about a fixed point

36
Q

Identify 4 disorders of the skeltal system

A

fracture
osteoarthritis
osteoporosis
rickets

37
Q

What is a fracture?

A

A broken bone

38
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

where you have weaker, less dense bones, so they are more likely to break, this can be caused by not having enough calcium or not doing enough weight bearing exercise so they don’t grow strong enough

39
Q

What is osteoarthritis

A

a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff

40
Q

What is rickets?

A

A condition that affects bone development in children due to a lack of vitamin D, causing bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities

Unit 3 - Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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