Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the endocrine system made up of?
hypothalamus pituitary gland thyroid gland adrenal gland pancreas ovaries testes
What are the functions of the endocrine system?
regulat body acitivities e.g. growth
control reproductive processes
maintain homeostasis
Which gland can you find in your throat?
thyroid gland
Which gland can you find above the kidneys?
adrenal glands
Which part of the endocrine system lies just below the liver?
pancreas
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
it controls the pituitary gland by producing, releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulat mood, thirst, sleep, hunger etc
Identify 4 hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland
growth hormone ADH - anti-diuretic hormone ACTH - adrenocortiotrophic hormone FSH - follicle stimulating hormone LH - luteinising hormone TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
it secretes hormones that are important in the regulation of growth, control of sex organs and osmoregulation
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
It secretes the hormones:
- thyroxine, parathyrin and calcitonin
What does the hormone thyroxine do?
it controls growth, development and metabolic rate
Which gland is thyroxine secreted from?
thyroid gland
What does the hormone ADH do?
Anti-diuretic hormone - regulates fluid leves
Which gland is ADH secreted from?
pituitary gland
Which gland is growth hormone secreted from?
pituitary gland
Which hormones are secreted from the pancreas?
glucagon
insulin
What does glucagon do?
increases blood glucose levels by isntructing our liver and muscles to release is from their stores of glycogen
What does insulin do?
reduces blood glucose levels by instructing our muscles and liver to take up glucose out of the blood and store it as glycogen
Where can you find the adrenal glands
on top of each kidney
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?
aldosterone
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Which hormones are secreted from the ovaries?
oestrogen
progesterone
what does oestrogen do?
it causes secondary sex characteristics to appear
It thickens the lining of the uterus
What does progesterone do?
it makes the thickened uterine lining glandular and ready for the fertilised ovum (egg) to become embedded
Which hormone is secreted from the testes?
Testosterone
What is the role of testosterone?
It’s responsible for causing secondary sexual characterisitcs such as facial and body hair growth
Identify 2 disorders related to the endocrine system
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Identify and describe the 2 types of diabetes mellitus
type 1 - where your body doesn’t produce enough insulin
type 2 - where your body stops responding to insulin (often due to obesity)
give 3 symptoms of diabetes
excessive thirst increased urination tiredness weight loss blurred vision
What causes hypothyroidism?
a deficiency in thyroxine
What is hypothyroidism
where you have an underactive thyroid, which leads to a slower metabolism
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
tiredness, weight gain, depression, swelling of face, hands, feet and eyelids
Which gland controls osmoregulation?
pituitary gland
as it releases ADH
Which 2 hormones are involved in the control of blood glucose levels?
Insulin and Glucagon
