Muscular System Flashcards
Name 22 of the major muscles in the body
erector spinae rectus abdominus internal obliques external obliques biceps brachii triceps brachii deltoids pectoralis major trapeziu latissimus dorsi gluteus maximu semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris adductors rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis tibilais anterior gastrocnemius soleus
What movement do the erector spinae produce?
extension of the spine
What movement does the rectus abdominus produce?
flexion of the trunk
What movement do the internal and external obliques produce?
sideways movement of the trunk
What movement does the biceps brachii produce?
flexion of the elbow
What movement does the triceps brachii produce?
extension of the elbow
What movement do the deltoids produce?
abduction of the arm
What movement does the pectoralis major produce?
adduction of the arm
What movement does the gluteus maximus produce?
extension of the hip
Name the 3 hamstring muscles
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
Name the 4 quadriceps muscles
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
What movements do the hamstring muscles produce?
flexion of the knee
What movements do the quadriceps muscles produce?
extension of the knee
What movement do the adductor muscles produce?
adduction of the leg
What movement does the tibialis anterior produce?
dorsiflexion of the foot
What movement do the gastrocnemius and soleus produce?
plantarflexion of the foot
What term is given to a pair of muscles that work together to produce movement
antagonistic pair
What is an agonist?
the muscle that contracts to produce the movement
What is an antagonist?
the muscle that relaxes to allow a movement to happen
What is a fixator?
a muscle that steadies other bones and joints during a movement
What is a synergist?
a muscle that assists the agonist with a movement by stabilising it
When performing a bicep curl, identify the agonist and antagonist muscle
agonist = biceps antagonist = triceps
When flexing the knee, identify the agonist and antagonist
agonist = hamstrings antagonist = quadriceps
Identify the 3 types of muscle contraction
isometric
concentric
eccentric
What is an isometric muscle contraction?
where a muscle contracts with no movement (e.g. a plank)
What is a concentric muscle contraction?
when a muscle shortens during contraction
What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
when a muscle lengthens as it contracts
Name a disorder of the muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy
Describe the effects of muscular dystrophy on the body
- dystrophin (a protein) doesn’t form properly
- muscle fbres break down, causing gradual weakening
- weakening of respiratory muscles causes respiratory difficulties
- weakening of cardiac muscle, causes heart problems
- weakening of skeletal msucles makes it harder to walk
- life expectancy is shortened
