Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Define the term ‘heart rate’
the number of times your heart beats in a minute
Define the term ‘stroke volume’
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat
Define the term ‘blood pressure’
the force of blood exerted on artery walls
Name the 4 chambers of the heart
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
which valves control blood going from the left atrium into the left ventricle?
bicuspid valves
which valves control blood going from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
tricuspid valves
Which valves control blood going out of the ventricles?
semi-lunar valves
Which blood vessel takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
pulmonary artery
Which blood vessel takes blood from the lungs, into the left atrium?
pulmonary vein
Which blood vessel takes blood from the left ventricle to the body?
aorta
Which blood vessel takes blood from the body to the right atrium?
vena cava
What separates the 2 sides of the heart?
septum
Is the heart part of a single or double circulatory system?
double
(as blood goes through the heart twice on every full circuit of the body.
What are the 2 circuits involved in double circulation?
systemic circuit
pulmonary circuit
Describe the cardiac cycle of the heart
- the atria and ventricle relax (diastole) and fill with blood from the vena cave and pulmonary vein
- the atria contract (systole), squeezing the blood into the ventricles
- the vntricles contract, squeezing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
How does the heart beat?
an impulse is created from the sino-atrial (SA) node, that causes the atria to contract.
The impulse is then sent to the atrio-ventricular (AV) node, it runs down the bundle of HIS into the purkinje fibres, causing the ventricles to contract.
Which part of the nervous system speeds up heart rate?
sympathetic
Which part of the nervous system slows down the heart rate?
parasympathetic
which nerve is used to speed up heart rate?
accelerator nerve
which nerve is used to slow down the heart rate?
vagus nerve
Name the 4 types of blood
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
Name the 3 main types of blood vessel
arteries
veins
capillaries
Which is the smallest of the blood vessels?
capillaries
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
arteries
Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart?
veins
Which blood vessels are under the highest pressure?
arteries
Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent backflow of blood?
valves
Identify 4 disorders of the cardiovascular system
CHD (Coronary Heart Disease
Anemia
Hypertension
What is the function of red blood cells?
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the function of white blood cells?
create antibodies to fight infection
What’s the function of platelets?
clot blood to keep infections out
What’s the function of plasma
transport nutrients, hormones and waste products
Which blood vessles are oxygenated?
arteries (apart from the pulmonary artery)
Which blood vessels are dexoygenated?
veins (apart from the pulmonary vein
What is cardiac myopathy?
a general term for diseases of the heart muscle, where the walls of the heart chambers have become stretched, thickened or stiff, affecting the heart’s ability to pump blood around the body.
What is Coronary Heart Disease?
Where blood vessels to the heart get blocked (due to a build up of fat),which prevents blood, and therefore oxygen getting to the heart muscle
What is a stroke
Where blood vessels to the brain get blocked, preventing oxygen getting to that part of the brain, leading to brain damage
What is anaemia
Where you don’t have enough red blood cells, so can’t get enough oxygen to the muscles, causing tiredness
What is hypertension?
high blood pressure.
Often caused by too much fat building up in the arteries, making less room for blood to flow through.
