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Unit 3 - Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term ‘heart rate’

A

the number of times your heart beats in a minute

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2
Q

Define the term ‘stroke volume’

A

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat

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3
Q

Define the term ‘blood pressure’

A

the force of blood exerted on artery walls

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4
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle

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5
Q

which valves control blood going from the left atrium into the left ventricle?

A

bicuspid valves

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6
Q

which valves control blood going from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

A

tricuspid valves

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7
Q

Which valves control blood going out of the ventricles?

A

semi-lunar valves

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8
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

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9
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood from the lungs, into the left atrium?

A

pulmonary vein

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10
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood from the left ventricle to the body?

A

aorta

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11
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood from the body to the right atrium?

A

vena cava

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12
Q

What separates the 2 sides of the heart?

A

septum

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13
Q

Is the heart part of a single or double circulatory system?

A

double

(as blood goes through the heart twice on every full circuit of the body.

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14
Q

What are the 2 circuits involved in double circulation?

A

systemic circuit

pulmonary circuit

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15
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle of the heart

A
  1. the atria and ventricle relax (diastole) and fill with blood from the vena cave and pulmonary vein
  2. the atria contract (systole), squeezing the blood into the ventricles
  3. the vntricles contract, squeezing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
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16
Q

How does the heart beat?

A

an impulse is created from the sino-atrial (SA) node, that causes the atria to contract.
The impulse is then sent to the atrio-ventricular (AV) node, it runs down the bundle of HIS into the purkinje fibres, causing the ventricles to contract.

17
Q

Which part of the nervous system speeds up heart rate?

A

sympathetic

18
Q

Which part of the nervous system slows down the heart rate?

A

parasympathetic

19
Q

which nerve is used to speed up heart rate?

A

accelerator nerve

20
Q

which nerve is used to slow down the heart rate?

A

vagus nerve

21
Q

Name the 4 types of blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

22
Q

Name the 3 main types of blood vessel

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

23
Q

Which is the smallest of the blood vessels?

A

capillaries

24
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

25
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart?

A

veins

26
Q

Which blood vessels are under the highest pressure?

A

arteries

27
Q

Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent backflow of blood?

A

valves

28
Q

Identify 4 disorders of the cardiovascular system

A

CHD (Coronary Heart Disease
Anemia
Hypertension

29
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

30
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

create antibodies to fight infection

31
Q

What’s the function of platelets?

A

clot blood to keep infections out

32
Q

What’s the function of plasma

A

transport nutrients, hormones and waste products

33
Q

Which blood vessles are oxygenated?

A

arteries (apart from the pulmonary artery)

34
Q

Which blood vessels are dexoygenated?

A

veins (apart from the pulmonary vein

35
Q

What is cardiac myopathy?

A

a general term for diseases of the heart muscle, where the walls of the heart chambers have become stretched, thickened or stiff, affecting the heart’s ability to pump blood around the body.

36
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

A

Where blood vessels to the heart get blocked (due to a build up of fat),which prevents blood, and therefore oxygen getting to the heart muscle

37
Q

What is a stroke

A

Where blood vessels to the brain get blocked, preventing oxygen getting to that part of the brain, leading to brain damage

38
Q

What is anaemia

A

Where you don’t have enough red blood cells, so can’t get enough oxygen to the muscles, causing tiredness

39
Q

What is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure.

Often caused by too much fat building up in the arteries, making less room for blood to flow through.

Unit 3 - Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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