skeletal system

Question 1

functions of bone

Answer 1

support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, storage

Question 2

the long main portion of the bone

Answer 2

diaphysis/shaft/body

Question 3

the ends of the bone

Answer 3

epiphyses

Question 4

the regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses

Answer 4

metaphyses

Question 5

cartilagenous area within the metaphysis of a growing bone

Answer 5

epiphyseal growth plane

Question 6

what remains of the cartilagenous area of the metaphysis after bone growth stops

Answer 6

epiphyseal line

Question 7

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses

Answer 7

articular cartilage

Question 8

tough connective tissue that surrounds bone. protects, nourishes and heals the bone. attachment for tendons and ligaments. outer later is tough an supportive, inner layer has bone-forming cells. well vascularized and innervated

Answer 8

periosteum

Question 9

the space between the diaphysis that contains red marrow and yellow marrow

Answer 9

medullary cavity/marrow cavity

Question 10

red marrow is primarily found in these bones

Answer 10

axillary skeleton and proximal ends of femur/humerus

Question 11

matrix of bone is made of what 3 substances at what ratios

Answer 11

25% water, 25% collagen, 50% mineral salts

Question 12

bone cell. active during normal growth, healing, and cyclical bone replacement

Answer 12

osteoprogenitor/osteogenic cells

Question 13

bone building cell

Answer 13

osteoblast

Question 14

mature bone cell

Answer 14

osteocytes

Question 15

bone ‘eating’ cells

Answer 15

osteoclasts

Question 16

term for ‘outside’

Answer 16

cortical, cortex

Question 17

external layer of all bone, provides protection and support

Answer 17

compact bone

Question 18

structure of compact bone, housing of blood vessels

Answer 18

osteon

Question 19

structure of compact bone, a hole through the center of the osteon through which blood and lymphatic vessels run

Answer 19

central canal

Question 20

structure of compact bone, rings of hard calcified bone matrix around the central canal

Answer 20

concentric lamellae

Question 21

structure of compact bone, space between the rings. contains osteocytes

Answer 21

lacunae

Question 22

structure of compact bone, small channels sticking out (in all directions) from the lacunae. filled with extracellular fluid, allows osteocytes to communicate

Answer 22

canaliculi

Question 23

structure of compact bone, holes which run transversely to connect the inner and outer portions of the bone

Answer 23

transverse perforating canals/volkmann’s canals

Question 24

bone structure, made of trabeculae which contain osteocytes in lacunae connected by canaliculi, designed for lower stresses/stresses from different directions

Answer 24

spongy bone

Question 25

arteries that enter the diaphysis at the volkmann’s canals to supply the periosteum and outer compact bone

Answer 25

periostial arteries

Question 26

arteries that enter the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen to supply the inner compact bone/spongy bone/red bone marrow

Answer 26

nutrient arteries

Question 27

arteries that supply the metaphysis

Answer 27

metaphyseal arteries

Question 28

arteries that supply the epiphysis

Answer 28

epiphyseal arteries