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Physiology > circulatory system: lymphatic and immune > Flashcards

circulatory system: lymphatic and immune Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of lymphatic system

A

drainage of excess instierstitial fluid, transportation of lipids from the digestive system, protection/immune response

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2
Q

structure of lymphatic system: fluid of the system.

A

lymph

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3
Q

structure of lymphatic system: transportation of fluid

A

lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

structure of lymphatic system: where various blood cells develop

A

red bone marrow

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5
Q

name this lymphatic structure: plasma and solutes filter freely from blood capillaries into interstitial space, some is reabsorbed into blood, excess filtered fluid drains into lymphatic system, the few proteins that leak out of the blood capillaries must return to circulation via the lymphatics

A

lymph

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6
Q

hierarchy of lymphatic flow

A

blood capillaries > interstitial spaces > lymphatic capillaries > lymphatic vessels > lymphatic trunks > lymphatic ducts > subclavian veins

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7
Q

structure of lymphatic system: begin in spaces between cells, closed at one end, high permeability, cells forming the endolethium overlap to allow fluid in but not out, pressure drives interstitial fluid into the structures

A

lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

structure of lymphatic system: capillaries merge into larger structures, lots of one-way valves, at regular intervals, lymph passes through lymph nodes

A

lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

structure of lymphatic system: clusters of lymphocytes (B and T cells) surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule, bean shaped, ~600 of these structures located along the lymphatic vessels of the body (often in groups, superficial and deep). function: lymph filtration

A

lymph nodes

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10
Q

structure of lymphatic system: larger merged lymphatic vessels

A

lymphatic trunks

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11
Q

lymphatic duct that drains the left side of head/neck, left side of chest, and entire body below the ribs into the left subclavian vein

A

thoracic duct

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12
Q

lymphatic duct that drains the right side of the head/neck and right side of the chest into the right subclavian vein

A

right lymphatic duct

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13
Q

lymphatic flow is maintain by what 3 functions

A

skeletal muscle pump, diaphragmatic breathing (respiratory pump), smooth muscle contraction (in vessel walls)

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14
Q

lymphatic organ, produces B cells and immature T cells

A

red marrow

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15
Q

lymphatic organ, located in the mediastinum, produces mature T cells from pre-T cells, large at birth, significantly atophied by maturity

A

thymus

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16
Q

lymphatic organ, large mass of lymphatic tissue between the stomach and diaphragm, filters blood, removes ruptured/worn out/defective red blood cells, stores platelets and monocytes

A

spleen

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17
Q

system that deals with specific and non-specific defences

A

immune system

18
Q

immune defense: rapid responses, no memory component, reacts the same way to all invaders

A

non-specific defences

19
Q

first line of non-specific defenses. shedding, trapping, flushing, washing, removal of microbes

A

skin, mucous membranes, body fluids

20
Q

second line of non-specific immune defence: discourages microbial growth

A

antimicrobial proteins

21
Q

second line of non-specific immune defence: recognizes and kills microbes

A

natural killer cells

22
Q

second line of non-specific immune defence: eats microbes

A

phagocytes (fixed and wandering)

23
Q

second line of non-specific immune defence: response to tissue damaged, designed to remove microbbes, prevent their spread, and prepare the site for repair

A

inflammation

24
Q

second line of non-specific immune defence: intensifies antimicrobial protein activity, inhibits microbial growth, speeds up repair

A

fever

25
Q

immune defense: aka immunity. invaders are identified, killed, remembered

A

specific defenses

26
Q

substances that are recognized as foreign and elicit an immune response

A

antigen

27
Q

2 types of specific defenses

A

cell-mediated, antibody mediated

28
Q

type of specific immune response: effective against fungi, parasites, viruses, some cancer cells, foreign tissue

A

cell-mediated immune response

29
Q

actions of T cells during immune response

A

activate, enlarge, proliferate, differentiate

30
Q

differentiation of T cells: trigger proliferation and perform other immune responses

A

helper T cells

31
Q

differentiation of T cells: migrate to the site and destroy the invader

A

cytotoxic T cells

32
Q

differentiation of T cells: remain after the response, don’t attack but with make for a faster and stronger response to the same invader in the future

A

memory T cells

33
Q

type of specific immune response: effective against antigens in body fluids, extracellular pathogens

A

antigen-mediated immune responses

34
Q

actions of B cells during immune response

A

activate, enlarge, differentiate

35
Q

differentiation of B cells: secrete antibodies

A

plasma cells

36
Q

differentiation of B cells: remain after the response, don’t attack but with make for a faster and stronger response to the same invader in the future

A

memory B cells

37
Q

proteins produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen. neutralize, inhibit, or destroy an antigen. comes in 5 classes

A

antibodies

38
Q

type of antibody: most common, in blood/lymph/intestines, protects against bacteria/viruses, cross the placenta to confer immunity to the newborn

A

IgC antibodies

39
Q

type of antibody: found in sweat/tears/saliva/mucous/breast milk/GI tract, levels decrease during stress

A

IgA antibodies

40
Q

type of antibody: found in blood/lymph, part of blood transfusion reactions

A

IgM antibodies

41
Q

type of antibody: found in blood, involved inn allergic/hypersensitivity reactions, protects against parasitic worms

A

IgE antibodies

42
Q

type of antibody: found in blood, helps activate B cells

A

IgD antibodies

Physiology (12 decks)

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