Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

a system of glands and cells that secrete hormones to regulate and integrate body systems

A

endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

organs that secrete substances into the blood in response to stimuli

A

endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical messengers, released into the interstitial fluid which then enters the bloodstream. released in one part of the body to regulate activity in another

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hormones bind to these on the cell membranes of target cells/organs. changes the shape when bound.

A

hormone receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

increase in target cell receptors due to a lack of circulating hormone, increases sensitivity to the hormone

A

upregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

decrease in target cell receptors due to an excess of circulating hormone, decreases sensitivity to the hormone

A

down regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

will hormone levels fluctuate depending on demand and normal body rhythms?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can alter normal hormone levels?

A

environment, stress, inflammation, pathologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what system governs secretion control (chemical changes in blood)

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in most cases, hormone levels are managed through what feedback loops?

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 endocrine glands that regulate all aspects of growth, development, metabolism, homeostasis

A

hypothalamus, pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

major integrating centre between the nervous and endocrine systems. receives input/information from many different structures. hormonally, regulates the synthesis and release of anterior pituitary hormones. neurologically, regulates the synthesis and release of posterior pituitary hormones

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

small endocrine gland that sits in the sella turcia of the sphenoid bone. has anterior and posterior lobes

A

pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pituitary lobe. release/inhibition of its hormones is controlled hormonally by the hypothalamus

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hormone that stimulates tissue growth, promotes healing and tissue repair, increases the use of lipids for energy, decreases cellular uptake of glucose/elevates blood glucose levels. released in bursts every few hours

A

human growth hormone (hGH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. its release is dependent on the level of thyroid hormones in the blood

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. release increases with stress-related stimuli, macrophage activity

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hormone that triggers ovulation, release of testosterone from testes

A

lutenizing hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hormone that triggers ovarian follicle development, sperm production in testes

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

initiates and maintains milk production in the mammary glands

A

prolactin (PRL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hormone that stimulates melanocytes

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lobe of pituitary gland. release/inhibition of its hormones is controlled neurologically by the hypothalamus

A

posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hormone. during delivery it inhances smooth muscle contraction of the uterus, post partum it stimulates milk ejection

A

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hormone that decreases urine production, causes arteriolar vasoconsrtiction

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

25
Q

gland inferior to the larynx. provides hormones and calcitonin. activity is controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary

A

thyroid gland

26
Q

hormones that increase basal metabolic rate, maintain body temperature, stimulate protein synthesis, increase the use of glucose and lipids to generate ATP, mobilize lipids and enhance cholesterol excretion

A

thyroid hormones

27
Q

hormone that decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

A

calcitonin

28
Q

glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland. hormones increase blood calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels by increasing the number of activity and osteoclasts, also works with kidneys to decrease their secretion of calcium and magnesium and to promote the formation of calcitriol

A

parathyroid glands

29
Q

glands have a cortex and medulla. cortex releases aldosterone, cortisol, androgens. medulla releases epinephrine, norepinephrine

A

adrenal glands

30
Q

hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels, helps regulate blood pressure/volume, helps in elimination of H+ (acid). stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water and stimulates arteriolar smooth muscle contraction. released in response to dehydration, sodium deficiency, hemorrhage

A

aldosterone

31
Q

hormone that regulates metabolism and provides resistance to stress, makes energy available to help the body deal with ‘stress.’ stimulates processes that increase/maintain blood glucose concentrations. helps your body resist stress by making more energy substrate available facilitating vasoconstriction

A

cortisol

32
Q

hormone that during puberty: stimulate axillary and pubic hair growth

A

androgens

33
Q

gland that secrets melatonin to regulate sleep cycles, increase secretion in darkness

A

pineal gland

34
Q

secretes hormons that promote the maturation of T cells

A

thymus

35
Q

glands that secret estrogens and progesterone which (along with FSH and LH) regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation. also initiate/maintain the secondary female sex characteristics. with the placenta secretes relaxin which increases tissue/joint compliance in preparation for delivery

A

ovaries

36
Q

glands that secret testosterone which regulates sperm production and initiates/maintains the secondary male sex characteristics

A

testes

37
Q

effects of cortisol on glucose metabolism

A

maintains blood glucose during fasting, increases blood glucose during stress through gluconeogenesis, decreases use of glucose by tissues

38
Q

effects of cortisol on protein metabolism

A

increases protein breakdown

39
Q

effects of cortisol on lipid metabolism

A

increases lipids in the blood stream, increases use of lipids by tissues

40
Q

effects of cortisol on inflammatory response

A

inhibits it and slows tissue repair

41
Q

effects of cortisol on immune system

A

high doses depress immune responses

42
Q

effects of cortisol on cardiovascular system

A

stimulates erythropoietin (EPO) production

43
Q

effects of cortisol on reproductive system

A

inhibits reproduction function

44
Q

effects of cortisol on skeletal system

A

increases bone resorption (removal of calcium from bone and into the blood), increases osteoblast function

45
Q

effects of cortisol on connective tissue

A

inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation, with excessive amounts the skin thins and CT support of capillaries is impaired leading to increased bruising

46
Q

effects of cortisol on renal system

A

inhibits ADH secretion, increases formation of urine

47
Q

effects of cortisol on muscle system

A

effects excessive levels lead to muscle weakness and pain

48
Q

effects of cortisol on GI system

A

stimulates appeite, stimulates acid and pepsin secretion (increases risk of ulcer development)

49
Q

organ located in the curve of the duodenum, islets (islets of langerhans) secrete glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

A

pancreas

50
Q

hormone that increases blood glucose levels, stimulates hepatocytes to release glucose from their stores, triggered by hypohlycemia and exercise

A

glucagon

51
Q

hormone that decreases blood glucose levels. stimulates body cells to take up glucose from the blood, hepatocytes to uptake and store glucose as glycogen, hepatocytes to slow their release of glucose. triggered by hyperglycemia, hGH, ACTH, PaNS, some amino acids, GI tract

A

insulin

52
Q

hormone that inhibits glucagon and insulin release. may slow GI absorption,

A

somatostatin

53
Q

endocrine function of organ: create erythroproietin stimulates red blood cell production, calcitriol

A

kidneys

54
Q

endocrine function of organ: releases gastrin, CCK, secretin

A

stomach/intestine

55
Q

endocrine function of organ: releases atrial naturetic peptide (ANP) to decrease blood pressure

A

heart

56
Q

endocrine function of organ: leptin suppresses appetite

A

adipose

57
Q

endocrine function of organ: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) helps maintain pregnancy

A

placenta

58
Q

endocrine function of organ: calcitriol starts in surface tissue of body, continues in filter organ, ends in kidneys

A

skin, liver

Physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions