Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal system

Answer 1

• contains 206 bones

- tendons, ligaments, cartilage

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

• 80 bones
• vertebral column, rib cage, sternum, skull, hyoid bone
• protects vital organs: brain, heart, lungs

Question 3

Vertebrae column

Answer 3

• 33 vertebrae

- cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 4

Rib cage

Answer 4

• 12 paired ribs
• 10 pairs of true ribs
• 2 floating

Question 5

Sternum

Answer 5

• manubrium, corpus sterni, xiphoid process

Question 6

Skull

Answer 6

• cranial and facial bones

Question 7

Ossicles

Answer 7

• bones in middle ear

Question 8

Hyphoid bone

Answer 8

• attachment for tongue muscles

Question 9

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 9

• 126 bones

- pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, appendages

Question 10

Pectoral girdle

Answer 10

• scapulae, and clavicles

Question 11

Pelvic girdle

Answer 11

• two pelvis, which attack to sacrum

Question 12

Upper appendages

Answer 12

• humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 13

Lower appendages

Answer 13

• femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 14

Joints

Answer 14

• where two or more elements of Skeleton connect

Question 15

Synarthrosis

Answer 15

• immovable (skull, teeth)

- fibrous of cartilaginous

Question 16

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 16

• slight movement (intervertebral discs)

- fibrous or cartilaginous

Question 17

Diarthrosis

Answer 17

• free movement (wrist, knee, shoulder)

- always synovial

Question 18

Fibrous

Answer 18

• connective tissue (skull, teeth, tibiofibular joint)

Question 19

Cartilaginous

Answer 19

• held by cartilage (first rib, sternum, intervertebral disc)

Question 20

Synovial

Answer 20

• most common
• filled with synovial fluid
• knee, shoulder, wrist, hip

Question 21

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 21

• support, movement, protection, producing blood cells, storing fat and minerals

Question 22

Muscle attachment

Answer 22

• origin: remains immobile

- insertion: is the bone that moves as the muscle contracts and relaxes

Question 23

Red marrow

Answer 23

• produces red and white blood cells

- all marrow is red at birth (adults have one half red and one half yellow)

Question 24

Yellow marrow

Answer 24

• stores fat and minerals

Question 25

Bone classification

Answer 25

• long, short, irregular

- constantly regenerating, can stop in old age leading to osteoporosis

Question 26

Compact (cortical) bone

Answer 26

• tightly packed cells, strong, dense, rigid
• smooth white appearance
• vertically through bone is Haversian canals which provide space for calcium and phosphorus for blood

Question 27

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Answer 27

• consists of trabeculae (open spaces of red bone marrow)

- light weight and porous