Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Skeletal system
A
- contains 206 bones
- tendons, ligaments, cartilage
2
Q
Axial skeleton
A
- 80 bones
- vertebral column, rib cage, sternum, skull, hyoid bone
- protects vital organs: brain, heart, lungs
3
Q
Vertebrae column
A
- 33 vertebrae
- cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
4
Q
Rib cage
A
- 12 paired ribs
- 10 pairs of true ribs
- 2 floating
5
Q
Sternum
A
- manubrium, corpus sterni, xiphoid process
6
Q
Skull
A
- cranial and facial bones
7
Q
Ossicles
A
- bones in middle ear
8
Q
Hyphoid bone
A
- attachment for tongue muscles
9
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
- 126 bones
- pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, appendages
10
Q
Pectoral girdle
A
- scapulae, and clavicles
11
Q
Pelvic girdle
A
- two pelvis, which attack to sacrum
12
Q
Upper appendages
A
- humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
13
Q
Lower appendages
A
- femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
14
Q
Joints
A
- where two or more elements of Skeleton connect
15
Q
Synarthrosis
A
- immovable (skull, teeth)
- fibrous of cartilaginous
16
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
- slight movement (intervertebral discs)
- fibrous or cartilaginous
17
Q
Diarthrosis
A
- free movement (wrist, knee, shoulder)
- always synovial
18
Q
Fibrous
A
- connective tissue (skull, teeth, tibiofibular joint)
19
Q
Cartilaginous
A
- held by cartilage (first rib, sternum, intervertebral disc)
20
Q
Synovial
A
- most common
- filled with synovial fluid
- knee, shoulder, wrist, hip
21
Q
Functions of skeletal system
A
- support, movement, protection, producing blood cells, storing fat and minerals
22
Q
Muscle attachment
A
- origin: remains immobile
- insertion: is the bone that moves as the muscle contracts and relaxes
23
Q
Red marrow
A
- produces red and white blood cells
- all marrow is red at birth (adults have one half red and one half yellow)
24
Q
Yellow marrow
A
- stores fat and minerals
25
Bone classification
- long, short, irregular
| - constantly regenerating, can stop in old age leading to osteoporosis
26
Compact (cortical) bone
- tightly packed cells, strong, dense, rigid
- smooth white appearance
- vertically through bone is Haversian canals which provide space for calcium and phosphorus for blood
27
Spongy (cancellous) bone
- consists of trabeculae (open spaces of red bone marrow)
| - light weight and porous
