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TEAS > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • Involved in synthesizing proteins from amino acids
  • Make up a quarter of cell
  • some cells contain 1000s
  • embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum
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2
Q

Golgi complex (apparatus)

A
  • synthesizing materials such as proteins that are transported out of cell
  • located near the nucleus
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3
Q

Vacuoles

A
  • sacs for storage, digestion, and water removal
  • one large vacuole in plant cells
  • animals have some numerous
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4
Q

Vesicle

A
  • Small organelle within cell

- moves material in cell

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5
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • consists of microtubules that help shape and support cell
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6
Q

Microtubules

A
  • part of cytoskeleton and help supper cell

- made of protein

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7
Q

Cytosol

A
  • liquid material in cell

- mostly water, some floating molecules

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • general term that refers to cytosol and substructures (organelles)
  • found within plasma membrane but not within the nucleus
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9
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • defines cell by acting like a barrier
  • keeps cytoplasm in and substances outside of cell out
  • also determines what is allowed to enter and exit
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10
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Two types: rough and smooth

  • rough = ribosomes on surface
  • smooth = no ribosomes
  • tubular network that comprises the transport system of cell
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11
Q

Mitochondria
(Part 1)

Four functions

A
  • cell energy
  • cell communication
  • cell differentiation
  • cell cycle and growth regulation
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12
Q

Mitochondria

(Part two)

What it does

A
  • inner and outer membrane
  • inner enclosed the matrix which contains mtDNA and ribosomes
  • b/w membranes are folds which is where chemical reactions occur to release energy, control water levels in cells and recycle and create proteins and fats.
  • aerobic respiration also occurs
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13
Q

Centrosome

A
  • comprised of the pair of centrioles located at right angles and surrounded by protein
  • involved in mitosis of the cell cycle
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14
Q

Lysosome

A
  • digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
  • transport undigested substances to cell membrane so they can be removed
  • shape depends on what is being transported
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15
Q

Cilia

A
  • appendages extending from the surface of the cell

- causes cell to move

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16
Q

Flagella

A
  • tail like structures that help cell move
17
Q

Nucleus

A
  • contains chromosomes and regulates DNA of cell
  • defining structure of eukaryotic cells
  • responsible for passing genetic traits
18
Q

Chromosomes

A

-condensed threadlike rods of DNA

19
Q

Chromatin

A
  • consists of DNA and protein that make up chromosomes
20
Q

Nucleolus

A
  • structure within the nucleus
  • no membrane
  • involved in protein synthesis
  • synthesizes and stores RNA
21
Q

Nuclear envelope

A
  • encloses the structure of nucleus

- inner and outer membranes made of lipids

22
Q

Nuclear Pores

A
  • involved in exchange of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
23
Q

Nucleoplasm

A
  • liquid within the nucleus
24
Q

Cell membranes

A
  • plasma membranes of lipids and proteins
  • isolates cell and communicates with outside
  • cholesterol adds stiffness and flexibility
  • glycolipids help recognize other cells
  • proteins help give shape, communicate, and transport across membrane
25
Q

Selective permeability

A
  • only small molecules, water and 02
  • charges of ion either attract or repel ions (like repel) (opposites attract)
  • molecules that are soluble in phospholipids can pass through membrane
26
Q

Cell cycle

A
  • process by which cell reproduces
  • growth, duplication of genetic material, and cell division
  • animal = 24 hours
  • once neurons mature: they do not grow or divide
27
Q

Cell differentiation

A
  • less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell
  • controlled by genes among a group of cells called zygotes
  • gastrulation: early phase in embryonic of lost animals
  • three primary germ layers: ectoderm (nervous system), mesoderm (muscular system), endoderm (digestive)
28
Q

Mitosis

A
  • exact replica of parent cell
29
Q

Meiosis

A
  • different genetic coding

- special reproductive cells called gametes

30
Q

Mitosis: interphase

A
  • cell prepares for division

- further divided into G1, S, G2

31
Q

Mitosis: Prophase

A
  • chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate.
  • Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers form
32
Q

Mitosis: metaphase

A
  • spindle moves to center of cell and chromosomes pairs align along center of spindle
33
Q

Mitosis: Anaphase

A
  • pairs (sisters) pull apart and may bend

- once seperated - daughter chromosomes

34
Q

Mitosis: Telophase

A
  • spindle disintegrates, membranes reform, chromosomes revert back to chromatin
35
Q

Mitosis: Cytokinesis

A
  • actual physical splitting of cell into two cells

TEAS (16 decks)

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