Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Male reproductive system functions

Answer 1

• produce, maintain, and transfer sperm into female and to produce and secrete male hormones

Question 2

Structures of male reproductive system: external

Answer 2

• penis: fills with blood and becomes erect, able to put semen in female
• scrotum: sac of skin and smooth muscle that houses testes and keeps them at proper temperature for spermatogenesis
• testes: male gonads, produce sperm and testosterone

Question 3

Structures of male system: internal

Answer 3

• epididymis: stores sperm as it matures
• vas deferens: mature sorry moves through this to ejaculatory duct
• seminal vesicles: secrete alkaline, protein, and mucus into ejac duct
• prostate gland secretes milky fluid, proteins, and enzymes as part of semen
• bulbourethral (cowper’s) glands neutralize acidity of urethra

Question 4

Hormones of male: follicle- stimulating hormone

Answer 4

• stimulates spermatogenesis

Question 5

Hormones of male: luteinizing hormone

Answer 5

• testosterone production

Question 6

Hormones of male: testosterone

Answer 6

• male sex characteristics

Question 7

Female production system: functions

Answer 7

• produce ova (egg cells)
• transfer ova to Fallopian tubes for fertilization
• receive sperm from male
• provide protective, nourishing environment for developing embryo

Question 8

Female external system

Answer 8

• labia major, labia minora: protect vagina
• bartholins glands: lubricant fluid
• clitoris: sensual

Question 9

Female system: internal

Answer 9

• ovaries: produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone
• Fallopian tubes: carry mature egg to uterus (fertilization usually occurs in FT.
• uterus: fertlized egg travels here and implants in wall. Protects and nourishes.
• vagina: muscular tube that extends from cervix, provides birth canal

Question 10

Female cycle: follicular phase

Answer 10

• FSH mature follicle, secretes estrogen, which regenerates uterine lining

Question 11

Female cycle: ovulation

Answer 11

• release of secondary oocyte from ovary, induced by large surge of LH

Question 12

Female cycle: Luteal phase

Answer 12

• corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen which inhibits FSH and LH.
• without implant of egg, corpus leteum regresses
• levels of estrogen and progesterone drop, FSH and LH no longer inhibits and cycle renews

Question 13

Uterine cycle: proliferation

Answer 13

• regeneration of uterine lining

Question 14

Uterine cycle: secretory

Answer 14

• endometrium becomes vascular and nutrients prepare for egg

Question 15

Uterine cycle: menstruation

Answer 15

• lining sheds if no egg

Question 16

Pregnancy

Answer 16

• egg implants, released hCG which prevents corpus leteum from degrading and continues to produce estrogen and progesterone
• 2nd trimester: placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone to sustain pregnancy,
• estrogen increases and progesterone decreases

Question 17

Parturition

Answer 17

• fetal glucocorticoids (increase estrogen, decrease progesterone)
• stretching of cervix releases oxytocin from pituitary gland, which stimulates uterine contractions
• positive feedback method = birth of fetus

Question 18

Lactation

Answer 18

• prolactin hormone (which increases during pregnancy) stimulate production of milk
• sucking stimulates release of oxytocin which ejects the milk