Immune System Flashcards
1
Q
Immune system function
A
- protects body against invading pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protists
2
Q
Immune system consists of
A
- lymphatic system
- red bone marrow
- leukocytes (WBC)
3
Q
Tonsils
A
- located in pharynx
- protect against pathogens entering body through mouth or nose
4
Q
Thymus
A
- serves as maturation chamber for immature T cells that form in bone marrow
5
Q
Spleen
A
- cleans blood of dead cells and pathogens
6
Q
Peyers patch’s
A
- located in small intestine
- protect digestive system again pathogens
7
Q
Skin
A
- intact epidermis and dermis for a barrier against bacteria
8
Q
Ciliated mucous membranes
A
- sweep pathogens out of respiratory tract
9
Q
Glandular secretions
A
- secretion from exocrine glands destroy bacteria
10
Q
Gastric secretions
A
- acid destroys pathogens
11
Q
Normal bacteria
A
- compete with bacteria in gut and vagina
12
Q
Phagocytes
A
- mobilize WBC and chemical reactions to stop infection
- redness, tissue repair, and fluid around healing agents
13
Q
Plasma protein
A
- complement system to repel bacteria and pathogens
14
Q
Microphages
A
- phagocytes that alert T cells to foreign substance
15
Q
T lymphocytes
A
- attack infected cells
16
Q
B lymphocytes
A
- target specific bacteria
17
Q
Memory cells, suppressor T cells, and helper T cells
A
- once invader has attacked body, if it returns it is recognized and secondary immune response occurs
- fast and powerful, more so than original response
- memory lymphocyte circulate body for years after
18
Q
Leukocytes
A
- produced in red bone marrow
19
Q
Granulocytes
A
- neutrophils: short living phagocytes that respond quickly
- basophils: alert body of invasion
- eosinophils: large, long living phagocytes that defend against multicellular invaders
20
Q
Monocytes
A
- macrophages: travel in lymph, largest and long-living phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
- dendritic: present foreign particles T cells
21
Q
T lymphocytes
A
- helper T cells: fight infections by producing antibodies
- killer T cells: destroy cells that are infected with virus
- suppressor T cell: stop or suppress other T cell when battle is over
- memory T cell: remain in blood on alert
22
Q
B lymphocytes
A
- produce antibodies
23
Q
Antigens
A
- substance that stimulate immune response
- typically proteins in bacteria, virus, or fungi
- drugs, toxin, and foreign particles
24
Q
Antibodies
A
- produced for each antigen
25
Typical immune response
- foreign substance enters body
- engulfed by macrophage, which presents fragments of antigen on surface
- helper T cells joins macrophage
- killer T cells search and destroy
- B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
26
Plasma cells
- produce antibodies specific to foreign substance
- antibodies bind to antigens on surface and mark for destruction by phagocytes
- memory cells remain in blood stream for future attack
27
Innate immune system
- at birth
| - protects from pathogens
28
Adaptive immunity
- when encounters infection or has immunization
29
Naturally acquired active immunity
- when individuals is exposed and builds immunity without immunization
30
Artificially acquired active immunity
- individual is exposed and builds immunity by vaccine
31
Naturally acquired passive immunity
- during pregnancy
- mothers bloodstream to bloodstream of fetus
- or mothers breast milk
32
Artificially acquired passive immunity
- immunization in recent outbreaks
- emergency
- quick and short lived protection
