Nervous System

Question 1

Human nervous system

Answer 1

• senses m, interprets, and issues commands on a response to conditions in the body’s environment
• made possible by grid of neurons
• messages sent via action potential along neuron to neuron
• chemical synapse is released on point of contact

Question 2

Functional types of neurons: sensory

Answer 2

• transmits signals to the central nervous system from the receptors associated with pain, temperature, hearing, site, smell, and taste

Question 3

Functions of neurons: motor

Answer 3

• transmits signals from CNS to rest of body by signaling muscles or glands to respond

Question 4

Functional types of neurons: inter neurons

Answer 4

• transmit signals between neurons

- between sensory neurons and motor neurons

Question 5

Neuron

Answer 5

• the cell body, Axon, many dendrites
• dendrites receive impulse from sensory receptors and transmit them towards the cell body.
• axon transmits impulse away from cell body which terminated at the synapse

Question 6

Central nervous system: spinal cord

Answer 6

• encased with bony structure called vertebrae— protects and supports
• functions mainly to limb movement and internal organ activity
• major nerve tracts ascend and descend from spinal cord to brain

Question 7

Central nervous system: brain

Answer 7

• hindbrain includes medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and pons
• midbrain sends sensory signals and organizes responses
• forebrain includes cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 8

Cerebral cortex

Answer 8

-thin layer of gray matter covering the cererbrum

Question 9

Frontal lobe

Answer 9

• located in front of brain

- short term and working memory and information processing as well as decision making, planning and judgement

Question 10

Parietal lobe

Answer 10

• slightly toward back of brain and top of head

- sensory input and spatial positioning of body

Question 11

Occipital lobe

Answer 11

• back of head, above brain stem

- visual input, processing, and output

Question 12

Temporal lobe

Answer 12

• located left and right sides of brain

- auditory input, processing, and output

Question 13

Cerebellum

Answer 13

• processing and storing of implicit memories (classical conditioning memories)

Question 14

Brain stem

Answer 14

• midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
• info sent to brain through brain stem and info from brain sent to body through brain stem
• respiratory, digestive, and circulatory

Question 15

Midbrain

Answer 15

• tectum, tegmentum, and ventral tegmentum
• vision and hearing
• medulla oblongata is beneath, which connects spinal cord to brain and is important role with autonomic nervous system in circulatory and respiratory system

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

• maintains homeostasis
• controls functions of internal organs, blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue, and glands by using hypothalamus
• hypothalamus helps maintain stable body environment by regulating HR, BR, body temp, and blood pH

Question 17

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

• controls body’s reaction to V extreme stress (signals adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline, dilate pupils and slow digestion)

Question 18

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

• counteracts effects from Sympathetic system (decreases HR, signals to stop adrenaline, constricts pupils)

Question 19

Somatic nervous system

Answer 19

• controls 5 senses and voluntary movement of skeletal muscle
• neurons that are connected to sense organs

Question 20

Efferent nerves

Answer 20

• bring signals from CNS to sensory glands and muscles

Question 21

Afferent nerves

Answer 21

• brings signals from sensory organs and muscles to CNS

Question 22

Reflex

Answer 22

• simplest act of nervous system
• automated response without thought
• simplest nerve pathway, bypasses brain and controlled by spinal cord