Skeletal System

Question 1

osteocyte

Answer 1

MAINTAIN bone, and their tin cellular projections sense physical stresses on bone

Question 2

osteoblasts

Answer 2

MAKE bone

Question 3

osteoclast

Answer 3

• BREAKS bone down

- liberate calcium from bone bound reserves

Question 4

mineral reabsorption

Answer 4

• performed by osteoclasts

- removes calcium from bones so it can enter blood stream

Question 5

What uses calcium to communicate with each other and rely upon its presence in EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS for normal muscle contraction inhibition?

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

hypocalcemia

Answer 6

sufficient deficits in plasma calcium -> causes tetany

Question 7

What causes tetany?

Answer 7

sufficient deficits in plasma calcium

Question 8

osteoporosis

Answer 8

• too much calcium depleted

- causes bone porous to be weak and brittle

Question 9

what produces a highly organized collagen matrix where hydropatite binds?

Answer 9

osteoblasts

Question 10

compact bone

Answer 10

• dense

- organized into long concentrated layers = lamellae

Question 11

what are lacunae?

Answer 11

microscopic pockets btw lamellae

Question 12

osteon

Answer 12

• grouping of concentric llamellae

- contains central canal within innermost ring

Question 13

central (haversian) canal

Answer 13

• passage way for nerves and vessels

- runs parallel within center of each osteon connected by perpendicular and oblique perforating canal (volksmann canal)

Question 14

spongy bone

Answer 14

• few osteon
• lighter
• serves as location for bone marrow to reside

Question 15

red bone marrow

Answer 15

site of blood formation and plays role in immune system

Question 16

yellow bone marrow

Answer 16

• present within medullary cavity of adult long bones

- primarily compose of adipose

Question 17

long bones

Answer 17

have pronounced longitudinal axis, provide mechanical advantages of levels where they articulate with other bone

Question 18

hinge joints

Answer 18

extends distal bone along 1 plane

Ex: elbow and knee

Question 19

ball and sockets

Answer 19

• where long bone articulate with other bones

- allows for abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation

Question 20

short bones

Answer 20

articulates as sliding joints

Ex: wrist, ankle, patella, clavicle

Question 21

flat bones

Answer 21

• based on shape, not hallow but contains marrow

- some connects with each other

Question 22

irregular bones

Answer 22

nonsymmetrical shape

Question 23

At point where bones are involved in articulations, bone-joint interfaces are protected by covering of what?

Answer 23

hyaline cartilage

Question 24

osteoarthritis

Answer 24

• wear down of cartilage

- inflammation and pains of joints occur

Question 25

rneumatoid arthritis

Answer 25

• causes inflammation and pains in joints

- caused by autoimmune system

Question 26

achondroplastic dwarfinism

Answer 26

resulting short stature of ind. when epiphysical plate stop growing at premature age

Question 27

periosteum

Answer 27

fibrous sheath that covers bone and contains nerve and blood vessels

Question 28

collagen

Answer 28

primary structure protein of connective tissue

Question 29

canaliculi

Answer 29

small channel or duct in ossified bone

Question 30

cartilage

Answer 30

tough, elastic connective tissue found in parts of the body (ears)

Question 31

lamellae

Answer 31

layers of bone, tissue, or cell walls

Question 32

brittle bone disease

Answer 32

group of disease that affect the collagen and results in fragile bones

Question 33

synovial joints

Answer 33

most common and freely movable

-ex: shoulders and knees

Question 34

cartilaginous joints

Answer 34

fills the spaces between some bones and restrict movements

Question 35

fibrous joints

Answer 35

have fibrous tissue connecting bones and no cavity is present

Question 36

trabeculae

Answer 36

network of girders with open spaces filled with red bone marrow