Chemistry Flashcards
covalent bonds
- bond that forms when 2 atom share same parts or pairs of electrons
- when bond formed, energy is released because electrons become more spatially distributed
sigma bonds
STRONGEST & involve HEAD-ON overlapping from 2 different atoms of electron orbitals from 2 diff. atoms
Pi bonds
a little weaker and LATERAL overlapping
nonpolar
formed when 2 atoms shared electrons EQUALLY
- do not mix well with H2O and other polar solvents
polar
formed when electron NOT shared equally
- electrons pulled closer, giving molecules ionic prop.
- imbalance of charge
- electronegative different between atoms greater
coordinate (or dipolar)
formed when 2 shared electrons of molecules come from SAME atoms
ionic bond
- one ion + and -
- larger electronegativity between ions
metallic bonds
- occur when electrons in outer shell of atom becomes DELOCALIZE and FREE MOVING
- shared by many atoms as they move around + charged metal ions
- create environment that allows for easy conduction of heat and electricity btw atoms
- contribute to luster
hydrogen bonds
- formed btw hydrogen atom that presenting 1 molecules and another that already part of a molecular complex
- INTERMOLECULAR
- attracted to atoms that has HIGHER electronegativity
- important in formation of DNA double helix molecules
property of water
- polar compound, acid/base
cohesion (water)
attracted to water molecules to EACH OTHER
adhesion
attracted to water molecules of other molecules with which it can form H-bonds
What does adhesion create?
capillary action
capillary action
- created by adhesion
- ability of h2o to “climb” up the side of a tube as its attracted to the materials
combination
(a+b=c)
- 2+ reactants combined to form one more complex, larger product
- bonds broken, the element rearranged -> product
decomposition
c –> A+B
- occur when 1 substrate is broken down into 2 or more product
combustion
- specific type of chemical reaction that involves OXYGEN GAS as reactant
- mostly involves burning
catalyst
- increase chemical reaction when added to reaction; requires less energy
- substances that lower activation energy required to go from reactants–> products of reaction but arent consume in process
enzymes
- a large biological catalyst that increase chemical raction
- lower activation energy of reaction to increase reaction rate
- differ from other catalysts by increased specificity to their substrate
- NONCOMPETITIVE inhibitors binds to enzyme different location that substrate
- only binds to ENZYME SUBSTRATE complex
acidic
less than 7
basic
more than 7
neutral
7
red —> blue
base
blue —-> red
acidic
Bronsted-lowry acid-base theory
accepted theory about how acid-base reaction works
acid
substances that dissociates in aqueous solutions and form hydroxide (OH-) ion
acid (proton)
proton donar
base (proton)
proton acceptor
