Nervous System Flashcards
Communications are between which 2 cells?
- distinctive cells
- muscle cells
distinctive cells
neurons that pass info using electrical nerve impulses
muscle cells
carry out function by their ability to contract
CNS has 2 parts…
- spinal cords
- brain
spinal cord
connects PNS to brain
-encased in bony structure of vertebrae
brain
integrates sensory info received from internal and external environment and assembles motor response
frontal lobe
responsible for short term and working memory and information processing as well as decision-making, planning, and judgement
parietal lobe
sensory lobe and spatial positioning of body (located on back and top of head)
occipital lobe
visual input, processing, and output
temporal lobes
responsible for auditory input, processing, and output
cerebellum
role in processing/storing of implicit memories
-balance and coordination
midbrain
important part of vision and hearing
brainstems include
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
PNS
has nerves and ganglia throughout body
afferent
TOWARDS spinal cord and brain
efferent
AWAY from spinal cords and brain
hypothalamus
(above midbrain)
- controls ANS through brain stem
spinal nerves
are like the many sideroads and alley that go to every part of the body (NOT CNS)
peripheral motor nerves sends…
efferent impulses—> which leads to somatic and automatic division carry out response
somatic nervous system
-controls 5 senses and voluntary movement of skeletal muscle
efferent nerves
brings signals from CNS TO sensory organs and muscles
afferent nerves
brings signals FROM sensory organs and muscles —> CNS
cell body
main part of cell containing nucleus and most organelles
nerve fibers
extend from body
- bundle of nerve cells (neurons) that pass on electrical signals (impulse) to the brain
dendrites
receptors extension that RECEIVES NERVE IMPULSES
axon
long singular tail-like extension
- sends impulses from neuron body to branching axon terminal
synapse
allows neurons to pass signals on to other neurons, muscles, or glands
spinal nerves…what does it contain?
bundle of nerve fibers that contain both afferent and efferent impulses
glial cell
- provide support, nutrients, insulations, and help with signal transmission in nervous system
- immunoprotective/ scaffolding (a structure used to hold up or support other structure) for other nerve cells
astrocyte
provide nutrients to neurons and clear out metabolites
- exchange of materials between neurons an capillary
- most abundant
ectoderm
germ layer, or tissue layer, that forms in an animal embryo during development
- give rise to CNS and PNS
endoderm
the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development
- give rise to EPITHELIAL LINING of GI and respiratory tract
mesoderm
middle layer of embryo in early development
- give rise to CONNECTIVE TISSUE, STRIATED and SMOOTH, GONADS, etc
microglial
immune defense against invading microorganism
ependymal cells
create, secrete, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
oligodendrocytes
produce an insulating barrier called myelin sheath
satellite cell
surround neurons and cell bodies
schwann cells
insulate, help form myelin sheath
medulla oblongata
involuntary controls- controls heart and lungs
corpus callosum
connections between 2 lobes
- responsible for transmitting neural messages between the right and left hemisphere
hippocampus
memory storage
neurotransmitter
a chemical substance that is released from the AXON TERMINAL by the arrival of a nerve impulse
- causes transfer of impulse
- diffuse across synapse
acetylcholine
- neurotransmitter
- causes muscle to CONTRACT
dopamine
- neurotransmitter
- formed from epinephrine (adenaline)
cerebrum
anterior to brain
thalamus
relays sensory information; pain perception
hippocampus
emotion, memory, ANS
amygdala
emotions
