Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
function of the gastrointestinal system
- MOVEMENT: move mixes and passes nutrients through system and eliminate waste
- SECRETES
- DIGESTION
- ABSORPTION
What does the pharynx allow?
- passage for airway and food
- cavity between mouth and esophagus
What does the esophagus allow?
only food
esophagus
long, muscular tube that carries food to stomach by wavelike involuntary smooth muscle contraction = peristalsis
When food reaches end of esophagus….
GASTRIC SPHINTER relaxes letting food into stomacah
gastric juice
mixture of mucus, hydrochloride acid, and digestive enzymes
chief cell
secretes PEPSINOGEN —-> an inactive form of pepsin used in digestive of proteins and enzymes
parietal cell
secretes HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS (convert pepsinogen —> pepsin)
goblet cell
secretes MUCUOS for protection against highly acidic hydrochloride
gastrin hormone
act to stimulate SECRETION OF GASTRIC JUICE
gnrelin hormone
stimulates APPETITE and promotes STORAGE OF FATS
gallbladder
responsible for STORING and CONCENTRATING BILE before secreting it into small intestine
liver
PRODUCING bile and ammonia
pancreas
SECRETING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES specific for different types of foods
stomach
where digestion occurs
3 region of the small intestine
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
duodenum
receives chyme and digestive juice from pancreas and liver
-begins absorption of nutritions
jejunum
majority of ABSORPTION here
- most folds and villi to increase surface area
ileum
absorb BILE ACIDS & VITAMIN B2 and pass into bloodstream
what is the main absorption organ?
small intestine
what lines the small intestine?
villi
bicarbonate
neutralizes acidic chyme and enzymatic digestion of fats lipase, starch by amylase, proteins by trysin are completed in duodenum
From small intestine, blood carrying nutrients passes to…
liver via hepatic portal duct
- allowing liver to metabolize consumed toxins and stored glucose as glycogen
Function of large intestine
concentrates, mixes and store waste materials
cecum
has projection= appendix
4 section of colon
- ascending
- descending
- transverse
- sigmoid
What does large intestine absorb?
H2O and Vitamin K
rectum
fecal waste accumulates and stored here until ejected thru anus by defecation
urea
- A nitrogen-containing substance normally cleared from the blood by the kidney into the urine
- a colorless crystalline compound that is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine.
