Cells Flashcards
nucleus
- small structure that contains the chromosomes and regulate the DNA of a cell
- responsible for passing on of genetic traits between generations
- all EUKARYOTIC cells have DNA
chromosomes
- highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA
chromatin
consists of DNA and protein that make up chromosome
nucleolus
- structure within the nucleus consists of protein
- doesnt have nucleus, is involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and store RNA
nucleus envelope
- encloses the structures of the nucleus
- consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids
nuclear pores
involved in exchange of material between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
nucleoplasm
the liquid within the nucleus, and is similar to cytoplasm
ribsome
- involved in SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS FROM AMINO ACIDS
golgi apparatus
- involved in synthesizing proteins that are TRANSPORTED OUT of the cell
vacuoles
- sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal
- 1 vacuoles in plants but many small in animal
vesicle
- small organelle within cell
- has membrane and performs varying functions, including moving materials within a cell
cytoskeleton
consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell
microtubules
part of the cytoskeleton and help support the cell
- made of proteins
cytosol
the liquid material in the ell
- mostly water, but also contains some floating molecules
cell membrane
- defines the cell by acting as a barrier
- helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell out
- determines whats allowed to enter and exit cell
endoplasmic reticulum
- 2 layers of ER are rough and smooth
- tubular network that comprises the transport system of a cell
- fused to the nuclear membrane and extends through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane
mitochondria
- generating ATP, which involves in cell growth and death
- cell signaling (how communications are carried out within a cell
- cellular differentiation (process whereby a non-differentiated cell becomes transformed into a cell with a more specialized purpose)
- cell cycle and growth regulation
centrosome
- comprised of the pair of centrioles located at right angles to each other and surrounded by proteins
- involved in mitosis and cell cycle
- maintain equal distribution of the chromosomes
centrioles
- cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that are involved in cellular division
- each contains 9 groups of 3 microtubules
lysosome
- digest proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
- transport undigested substances to the cell membrane so they can be removed
cilia
appendages extending from surface of the cell, the movement of which causes the cell to move
flagella
tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements to help the cell move
