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Kinesiology > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage and release, site of blood cell production, triglyceride storage system

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2
Q

Long bones characteristics

A

Long cylindrical shaft
Relatively wide protruding ends
Central area of shaft contains marrow
E.g tibia

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3
Q

Flat bones characteristics

A

Usually have curved surface vary from thick to thin
Protective and offer large areas for muscle attachments
E.g scapula, sternum

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4
Q

Short bones characteristics

A

Small, cubical shaped, solid bones
Similar in length, breadth and thickness
E.g carpals

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5
Q

Irregular bones characteristics

A

Have specialised shapes and functions

E.g vertebrae

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6
Q

Sesamoid bones characteristics

A

Small bones embedded within tendon where pressure develops
Provide protection for tendon, change angle of insertion of muscle and improv mechanical advantage
E.g patella

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7
Q

Structure of long bones

A
  • Diaphysis: shaft/long portion of the bone
  • Epiphysis: Round end of the bone
  • Metaphysis: Wider portion of long bone adjacent to epiphyseal plate
  • Epiphyseal growth plate/disks: Hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphors at each end of a long bone- responsible for growth in the length of the bone
  • Articular cartliage: thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis. Cartliage decreases friction
  • Periosteum: outer surface of a bone lined by a thin layer of connective tissue
  • Endosteum: Thin layer of connective tissue that lines the walls of the medullary cavities
  • Medullary cavity: contains the yellow bone marrow
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8
Q

Bone marks that form joints

A

Condyle - rounded projection, usually articulates with another bone
Facet - small, flat or almost flat surface
Head- prominent rounded projection at proximal end of bone, usually articulates

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9
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ride of bone

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10
Q

Epicondlye

A

Projection located above condyle

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11
Q

Line

A

A long thin, projection often with a rough surface.

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12
Q

Process

A

Prominent projection

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13
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, slender projection

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14
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large blunt projection

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15
Q

Tubercle

A

Small round projection

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16
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large round, roughened projection

17
Q

Foramen

A

rOUNDED HOLE OR OPENING IN BONE

18
Q

Fossa

A

Hollow, depression, flattened surface

19
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Unspecialised cells found in periosteum, endosperm and canes that contain blood vessels
Possess mitotic potential and have ability to develop into osteoblasts

20
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Associated with bone formation
Produce and secrete collagen and other organic components to build bone tissue
Ossifies and found on surfaces of bone
Stress and fractures stimulate this process

21
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts- principal cells of bone tissue
Osteoblasts that become isolated within the bony intercellular substance that deposit around themselves and whose structure changes
Osteoblast initially form bone, osteocytes maintain daily cellar activities of bone tussle.

22
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone destroying cells
Develop from circulating monocytes
Settle on surface of bone where involved in bone resorption/destruction of matrix which is important for development, growth, maintenance and repair of bones

23
Q

Compact bone tissue

A

Contains few spaces
Layer over the spongy bone tissue
Forms external layer of all bones of body and makes up bulk of diaphysis of long bones
Ptotetion, support, resists stress of weight on long bones
Central canals run longitudinally through bone and are surrounded by lamellae
Small spaces between lamellae called lacunae which contains osteocytes

24
Q

Spongy bone tissue

A

Internal to compact
Short, flat, irregularly shaped bone so high incidence of fracture in elderly
Consists of irregular latticework of thin plates of bone
Blood circulates through marrow cavities in spongy bone providing nourishment for osteocytes

25
Q

Remoddelling of bone

A

The replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue. Compact bone is formed by the transformation of spongy bone

Large amounts of bone removed through resorption (osteoclasts) and replaced through bone deposition (osteoblasts)

26
Q

Wolff’s law

A

States that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the lands it is placed under
i.e if increase loading, bone remodels over time, increase bone deposition and increase strength to resist the load

27
Q

Bone tissue and exercise

A

Bone strength increases with mechanical stress e.g pull of skeletal muscle and gravity
Increase mental salt deposits
Production of collagen fibres
Walking and moderate weight lifting help to build and retain bone mass

28
Q

Development of bone in children

A

Bone diaphysis and epiphysis joined by cartilaginous plates called epiphyseal or growth plate
Eventually fuse together and replaces with bone

Kinesiology (16 decks)

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