Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Approximately how many bones and muscles are there in the body?

A

640 muscles

206 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What bones does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, vertebrae and ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What bones does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

the pectoral and pelvic girdles, the limb bones, and the bones of the hands and feet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the functional role of the patella?

A

To increase the distance between the centre of the joint and the line of the force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of the bursae?

A

To reduce friction caused by muscles and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Q angle?

A

A measurement of the angle between the quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of menisci?

A

To disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is foot pronation a combination of?

A

Abduction
Eversion
Dorsifexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is foot supination a combination of?

A

Adduction
Inversion
Plantar Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

A condition in which a person’s spine has a sideways curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the glenoid labrum?

A

Deepens the cavity and increases the stability of the glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What plane and axis does upward rotation of the scapula occur about?

A

transverse plane

vertical axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A large prominence on a bone usually serving for the arched muscles or ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the anatomical term for the knee joint

A

Tibiofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the epiphyseal/growth plate

A

A cartilage plate in the metaphysics at each end of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

the sartorius muscle (thigh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis caused by? (tennis elbow)

A

Repetitive extension of the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

The pattern of muscle contractions and motion that occurs between the scapula and humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the functions of the skeleton

A 
Support 
Protection 
Movement 
Mineral storage 
Site of blood cell production
Triglyceride storage energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe flat bones

A

Long cylindrical shaft

relatively wide protruding ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe flat bones

A

usually have curved surface

protective and offer large areas for muscular attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe short bones

A

small cubical shaped solid bones

similar in length breadth and thiclness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe irregular bones

A

have specialised shapes and functions

e.g vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe sesamoid bones

A

small bones embedded within tenon where pressure develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the diaphysis and epiphysis?

A

Diaphysis is the long portion of bone

Epiphysis is the round end of the bone

27
Q

What are the epiphyseal growth plates?

A

Cartilage plate at the end of each end of a long bone responsible for growth in the length of bone

28
Q

What are osteogenic cells

A

Unspecialised cells

Possess myotonic potential to develop into osteoblasts

29
Q

Define the remodelling of bone

A

The replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

Compact bone formed by transformation of spongy bone tissue

30
Q

Why is exercise important to develop and maintain bone?

A

It allows remodelling to take place which is the replacement of old tissue by new bone tissue
Bone is removed by osteoclasts and replaced by osteoblasts

31
Q

Compare the structure, location and function of compact and spongy bone

A

Compact bone contains few spaces and is a layer over the spongy bone tissue. It provides protection, support and resists stress of weight on long bones

In contrast, spongy bone is internal to compact bone. They are short, flat and irregularly shaped

32
Q

What are the functions of the fibrocartilage disks

A

distribute loads over the joint surfaces, improve the fit of the articulating surfaces, limit slippage between bones, lubrication, shock absorption

33
Q

What is the function of bursa?

A

Reduces friction between joints and bones

34
Q

What happens within a synovial joint during exercise?

A

Fluid warmed and becomes thinner, more easily absorbed by the articular cartilage, cartilage will swell and provide more protection during exercise W

35
Q

What is meant by degrees of freedom?

A

Type and amount of motion structural allowed by anatomical joints

36
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket

37
Q

Name function of menisci

A

aid lubrication of joint, deepen contact surface which increases stability, shock absorption

38
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

person’s spine has a sideways curve.

39
Q

What is the anatomical term for the knee joint?

A

tibiofemoral

40
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body

A

sartorius muscle

41
Q

What are the symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

A

pain at anterior portion of heel
hurts first thing in morning
decreases a bit after dorsiflexion laxation

42
Q

Describe the screw home principle of the knee?

A

knee stability
If foot is fixed on the round and tibia is weight bearing, femur will involuntarily internally rotate and move posterioryly

this is because of unequally sized femoral condyles - lateral slides over greater distance

Also because of the direction of the collateral ligaments

43
Q

What is active and passive insufficiency of 2 joint muscles?

A

Active insufficiency - when a multi joint muscle reaches a shortened length where it can no longer apply an effective force

passive insufficiency - when a muscle cannot stretch anymore. inability of a multi joint muscle to lengthen to a degree that allows full range of motion of all the joints it crosses

44
Q

What is the difference between the anatomical and fundamental position?

A

Anatomical position is the position of reference for all movements. Body upright, feet shoulder width apart, arms held out and palms faced forwards

Fundamental position - same as that of the anatomical except palms of hands face the size of the body

45
Q

Explain Wolff’s law

A

States that bones in a healthy person will adapt to the lands which its placed under

46
Q

What happens when wearing high heels

A

Less stable as with dorsiflexion flexion, there is more lateral movement than plantar flexion

47
Q

Describe the different arches of the food

A

Medial longitudinal - calcaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiform, 3 medial metatarsals

Lateral longitudinal - calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals

Anterior transverse - under toes

Posterior transverse - under 3 cuneiforms

48
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

Pain at the anterior portion of the heel

Inflammation of fibrous tissue along the bottom of the foot. This band of issue connects your heel bone to toes

49
Q

Explain Hill’s mechanical model of muscle

A

Representation of the muscle mechanical response
Contractile component e.g actin and myosin 0 generate active tension

Elastic components - generate passive tension

Parallel elastic components e.g connective tissue - store elastic energy when stretched

Series elastic components e.g tendons - transmit tension produced by contractile component to attachment point of muscles

50
Q

Explain the muscle force velocity relationship

A

muscle force depends on the length of the muscle - highest force generated at 100 to 120% of resting length

51
Q

Levers

A

1st class - fulcrum is between muscle force and the resistance

2nd class- resistance is between the fulcrum and muscle force

3rd class - force is between the fulcrum and the resistance

52
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

muscle responsible for breathing movements

as it contracts and flattens, the thoracic volume is increased and air is inspired

53
Q

Describe Young’s modules

A

Image result for Young’s modulusen.wikipedia.org
Young’s modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to withstand changes in length when under lengthwise tension or compression. Sometimes referred to as the modulus of elasticity, Young’s modulus is equal to the longitudinal stress divided by the strain.

54
Q

What is the mechanical advantage

A

Effort arm / resistance arm
Levers can be used so that a small force can move a much bigger force
Effort further than the load from the fulcrum = mechanical advantage

55
Q

Sections of the vertebrae

A 
cervical 
thoracic 
lumbar 
sarcral 
coccyx
56
Q

Describe the structure of a long bone

A

diaphysis - shaft/ log portion of bone
Epiphysis - round end of bone
Metaphysis- wider portion of long bone adjustment
Periosteum - outer surface of bone
Endosteum - thin layer of connective tissue that line the walls of medullary cavities

57
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Shoulder

A

Ball and socket

58
Q

What is the functional role of the patella?

A

Its location allows it to serve the quads in a similar fashion to the work of a pulley by creating an improve angle of pull —- greater mechanical advantage when performing knee extension

59
Q

What is foot pronation a combination of?

A

Abduction, eversion, dorsi flexion

60
Q

What is foot supination a combination of?

A

Adduction, inversion, plantar flexion

61
Q

Which structure deepens the cavity and increases the stability of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid fossa

62
Q

What axis and plane does the upward rotation of the scapula occur around?

A

transverse plane

vertical axis

63
Q

Is the relationship between muscle tension and temperature positive or negative?

A

negative

as temperature of material increases with a constant stress, a slow continuous deformation is observed (creep)

Kinesiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions