Lecture 3 - Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
A point of contact between bones or between cartliage and bones
What is the main function of joints?
To increase the mobility of the body
What are movements around joints limited by?
Bony structure o the joint - area of contact, shape of bones
Flexibility of ligaments binding bones together
Soft tissue structures
Synarthrodial joints
Little or no movement
Amphiarthrodial joints
slightly moveable)
Diarthrodial joitns
Freely movement
Synarthrodial joint- sutures
Bones held together by fibre connective tissue No synovial cavity Absorb shock Allow minimal or no movement E.g sockets of teeth
Synarthrodial joint - syndemois
Joint held together by strong ligamentous structures that allow minimal movement between the bones
Amphiarthrodial joint-Synchondrosis
Joint separated by a hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones & absorbs shock
e.g. sternocostal joints of the ribs with the sternum, epiphyseal plate
Amphiarthrodial joint - symphyses
Thin plates (disc) of fibrocartilage separate bones
Diarthrodial joint
2 bones are separated by a space called joint cavity and presence of articular carriage
Joint capsule
Surrounds the space that separates the 2 bones
Outer later - Fibrous capsule
Outer layer fibrous capsule attached to the periosteum- provide additional support against abnormal movement
Inner layer - synovial membrane
Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity and provide nutrients for the articular cartliage
Fibrocartliage disk
disk between articular surfaces of the bones and attach to the fibrous capsule - these articular discs allow bones of different shapes to fit together
Bursae
small sacs of synovial fluid
Walls of connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane
Cushion joints, reduces friction between joints, bones and skin
Found between tendons and bones
Synovial joint during exercise
Fluid is warmed and becomes thinner
More easily absorbed by the articular carriage
Cartliage swells and provides more protection
Exercise helps queen out wastes and get nutrients from synodical fluid
Name the 6 types of synovial joints
Gliding Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball and socket
What is degrees of freedom
Type and amount of motion structurally allowed by anatomical joints
Gliding joint
2 flat surfaces which allow limited gliding movement
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic inflammation autoimmune disorder
destroys the synovial joints
