Muscular system

Question 1

Skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Voluntary
Striated
Attach to bone, skin, deep fascia and other muscles

Question 2

Smooth muscle

Answer 2

Involuntary
Non striated
Lines walls of blood vessels, hollow organs

Question 3

Name the functions of muscle

Answer 3

Movement
Aids joint stabilisation
Movement of substance within the body
Produces head

Question 4

Skeletal muscle- excitability/ irritability

Answer 4

Ability to receive and respond to stimuli. I..e neurotransmitters released by herons or hormones distributed in blood
Muscle recruited quickly with significant control over number of muscle fibres

Question 5

Skeletal muscle - contractility

Answer 5

Ability of muscle to shorten and lengthen when stimulated

Distance muscle shortens limited by physical properties

Question 6

Skeletal muscle - extensibility

Answer 6

Ability to lengthen due to action of another muscle of external force

Question 7

Epimysium

Answer 7

Covers the entire muscle

Question 8

Perimysium

Answer 8

Surrounds bundles of fibres called fascicles- long, cylindrical and vary in length and width

Question 9

Endomysium

Answer 9

Surrounds individual fibres called myofibrils

Question 10

Sarcolema

Answer 10

Neurologic innervation of muscle travels through sarcolemma and reaches each individual contractile unit

Question 11

Myofibril

Answer 11

Strands that run the length of the fibre

Question 12

Sarcomere

Answer 12

Contractile unit

Question 13

A band

Answer 13

Contains thick filament and where thick and thin filaments overlap

Question 14

H zone

Answer 14

Contains thick filaments only

Question 15

I band

Answer 15

Contains thin filament only

Question 16

Z lines

Answer 16

Thin filaments are anchored at each side by Z lines which separate each sarcomere from the next

Question 17

Fusiform muscles

Answer 17

Parallel fibres that run the length of the muscle

Question 18

Penniform muscles

Answer 18

Fibres run diagonally with tendon running through the muscle

Question 19

Difference between fusiform and penniform muscles

Answer 19

Fusiform muscles have few fibres which extend length of muscle - greater rang of motion, less power
Penniform muscles have larger number of fibres distributed over tendons - greater lower, less ROM

Question 20

Slow twitch fibre types type 1

Answer 20

oxidative
found in postural muscles soles
slow contraction times, suited to prolonged low intensity work
Endurance

Question 21

Fast twitch type 2 a

Answer 21

oxidative glycolytic

sustain long periods or contract with a burst of force and then fatigue

Question 22

Name the 3 ways which muscle attached to bone

Answer 22

Directly to bone
Via a tendon
Via an aponeurosis

Question 23

Concentric contraction

Answer 23

Shortens

Muscle torque>resistance torque

Question 24

Eccentric contraction

Answer 24

Lengthens
muscle torque < resistance torque
Returning to a natural length (after a concentric contraction) or lengthening beyond its natural length

Question 25

Static contraction

Answer 25

Tension develops within muscle but no change in muscle length/joint angle
Muscle torque is exactly equal to any resistance torque

Question 26

Prime mover

Answer 26

Muscle primarily responsible for producing a given movement

Question 27

Stabiliser (fixator)

Answer 27

Contracts statistically to prevent bone at one end from moving

Question 28

Synergist (neutraliser)

Answer 28

A muscle will contract to eliminate an undesired joint action of another muscle
Neutralisers prevent unwanted accessory actions