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TEAS TEST > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q 
The skeletal system has many functions. Fill in a few. 
Provides \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_.
Generating \_\_\_\_\_ cells.
Allows movement
Stores \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and calcium
Guiding growth of entire \_\_\_\_\_.
A

support; protection
blood
fat; iron; calcium
body

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2
Q

There are 2 sections of the skeletal system: the ______ skeleton and the ______ skeleton.

A

axial; apendicular

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3
Q

The axial skeleton consists of ____ bones along the _____ axis.

A

80; midline

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4
Q

The axial skeleton is grouped into bones in the _____, ____, _____, and ______ column.

A

skull; ribs; sternum; vertebral column

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5
Q

The appendicular skeleton consists of _____ bones around the ____ and ___ limbs and the ___ and ____ girdles.

A

126; upper; lower; pelvic; pectoral

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6
Q

The appendicular anchors _____ and allows for _____.

A

muscles; movement

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7
Q

There are two bone components. The non-living bone cells called the _____ and the living bone cells called _______.

A

matrix; osteocytes

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8
Q

What makes up the matrix, the non-living component of the bone?

A 
water
collagen
protein
calcium phosphate
calcium carbonate crystals
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9
Q

Osteocytes play a vital part in _____, _____, and ____ of bones.

A

growth; development; repair

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10
Q

Where are osteocytes found in bone?

A

at the edges of bones and throughout bone matrix in small cavities

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11
Q

There are 3 layers to a bone. What are they?

A

Periosteum; Compact bone; cancellous (spongy) bone

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12
Q

The topmost layer of bone is the _______.. It is a layer of ______ tissue and _____ fibers that anchor tendons ad muscles.

A

periosteum; connective; collagen

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13
Q

What are the two types of cells in the periosteum that are necessary for growth and repair of bones?

A

stem and osteoblast cells

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14
Q

The periosteum contain nerve _____ and _____, and blood _____.

A

tissue; endings; vessels

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15
Q

Under the periosteum, you will find ______ bone, which gives the bone _____.

A

compact bone; strength

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16
Q

Compact bone is made out of _____ salts and ____ fibers and in its cavities one can find _____.

A

mineral salts; collagen fibers; osteocytes

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17
Q

Under a layer of compact bone, there is _____ (spongy) bone at the ends of long bone and vertebrae.

A

cancellous

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18
Q

Spongy bone is less _____, but has a large ____ _____.

A

dense; surface area

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19
Q

What is functional unit of spongy bone and what does it do?

A

trabecula; provides structural support

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20
Q

Where is red bone marrow held in the bone?

A

the trabecula in the spongy bone

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21
Q

The living bone cells of the bone are called the ________.

A

Osteocytes

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22
Q

The cells responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during bone formation are called the ________.

A

osteoblasts

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23
Q

Osteoblasts _____ bone; osteoclasts ______ bone.

A

build; crash

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24
Q

________ are multi-nucleated cells responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone.

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Q

What is the process of bone formation called? When does it begin?

A

Ossification; 3rd month of fetal life

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26
Q

Ossification take what two forms?

A

Compact bone (80% of skeleton) and cancellous bone

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27
Q

Blasts are _______ bone cells and cytes are _______ bone cells.

A

Immature; mature

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28
Q

Osteocytes communicate through long channels called the ________; the osteocytes occult this space.

A

lacunae

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29
Q

What connects the lacunae together?

A

canaliculi

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30
Q

The process of making blood is called __________.

A

Hematopoiesis

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31
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

In the red bone marrow

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32
Q

In the red bone marrow, the production of ______ blood cells occurs, along with ________ blood cells.

A

red; white

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33
Q

What kind of hematopoietic stem cells are RBC and WBC, and platelets, made from?

A

Myeloid stem cells

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34
Q

T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are formed from ______ stem cells.

A

lymphoid

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35
Q

Yellow bone marrow is the site for ______ ___________.

A

Fat storage

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36
Q

Red bone marrow decreases at the end of __________ and is replaced by what?

A

puberty; yellow bone marrow

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37
Q

Name the 5 types of bones.

A

Long; Flat; Short; Irregular; Sesamoid

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38
Q

What is the major bone of the limb, often times longer than it is wide?

A

Long bones

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39
Q

The end of a long limb is called the _________ and the long narrow middle is called the __________.

A

Epiphysis; diaphysis

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40
Q

In the long bone, red bone marrow is found in the ________, while yellow bone marrow is found in the __________.

A

epiphysis; diaphysis

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41
Q

The growth plate of a long bone is called the __________.

A

metaphysis

42
Q

Name 2 examples of a long bone.

A

Humerus

Femur

43
Q

The _______ bone and _______ bone are sites for hematopoiesis.

A

Long; flat

44
Q

The long bone provides the framework for _________.

A

Movement

45
Q

Short bones are ______ shaped or _____, and are usually as long as they are wide.

A

Cube; round

46
Q

Name 2 examples of a short bone.

A

Carpal bones of the wrist

Tarsal bones of the foot

47
Q

________ bones are expanded into long, flat plates and their principle function is to extensive _________.

A

Flat; Protection

48
Q

Name 3 examples of flat bones.

A

Ribs
Sternum
Plates of the skull (occipital, parietal, frontal)

49
Q

________ bones do not fit the classification of the others, and serve various purposes in the body, like providing structure or protection.

A

Irregular

50
Q

Give 2 examples of irregular bones.

A

Sacrum

Vertebrae

51
Q

_________ bones are inside tendons across from the joints.

A

Sesamoid

52
Q

Sesamoid bones are not present in all people, give an example of 2.

A

Patella

Pisiform bone

53
Q

How many bones make up the skull?

A

22

54
Q

The skulls number one function is the protect the ______ and _______ organs for vision, hearing, taste, scent, and balance.

A

brain; sense organs

55
Q

What is the only moveable bone in the skull?

A

Mandible (jaw bone)

56
Q

The upper part of the skull is called the _______, which protects the brain.

A

Cranium

57
Q

The _______ bone is the only bone in the body not attached to any other bone.

A

hyoid

58
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone? 2 functions

A

To keep the trachea open

To anchor the tongue muscles.

59
Q

The _________ ________ are important bones that play a role in hearing. Are they apart of the skull?

A

auditory ossicles; no

60
Q

Name the 3 auditory ossicles.

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

61
Q

The vertebral column is also known as the _______.

A

spine

62
Q

The spine runs from the ________ all the way down to the _________.

A

base of skull; coccyx

63
Q

There are _______ vertebrae in the spine, plus the ______ and the ______.

A

24; sacrum; coccyx

64
Q

Name the 3 groups of the spine.

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar

65
Q

There are ______ cervical vertebrae.

A

7

66
Q

There are ______ thoracic vertebrae.

A

12

67
Q

There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.

A

5

68
Q

The breastbone is called the _______

A

sternum

69
Q

How do the ribs connect to the sternum?

A

Through cartilage called coastal cartilage.

70
Q

There are ______ pairs of ribs.

A

12

71
Q

Where to the ribs attach in the back?

A

The thoracic vertebrae.

72
Q

The first 7 ribs attach to the _______. Ribs 8-10 attach to the _______ between the ______ and ribs.
Ribs 11 and 12 attach to _______.

A

sternum
cartilage;sternum
attach to nothing

73
Q

Ribs 1-10 protect the _______ and ______.

Ribs 11 and 12 protect the _______.

A

heart; lungs

kidneys

74
Q

The first 7 ribs are known as ______ ribs.

Ribs 8-12 are known as the _________ ribs.

A

true

false

75
Q

Apart of the appendicular skeleton is the ________ _______, which connects the limbs to the axial skeleton.

A

pectoral girdle

76
Q

The pectoral girdle is formed from the L&R ________ and _______.

A

clavicle; scapula

77
Q

What 2 bones are the ball and socket of the shoulder joint?

A

Humerus and scapula

78
Q

What 2 bones form the elbow joint?

A

Ulna and the humerus

79
Q

What bone allows the turning movement of the wrist?

A

Radius

80
Q

Your wrist joint is made up of the ________ bones and the 8 _______ bones.

A

forearm; carpal

81
Q

The carpal bones connect to 8 ________ bones.

A

metacarpal

82
Q

Metacarpal bones connect to the _______, which are the bones of the fingers.

A

phalanges

83
Q

How many phalanges are in each finger?

A

3 in each finger EXCEPT for the thumb, which only has 2

84
Q

What connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton? This include the left and right ______ bones.

A

Pelvic Girdle; hip

85
Q

The hip joint is the product of the _______ bone and the _______, which is the largest bone in the body.

A

hip; femur

86
Q

The kneecap is known as the _______.

A

patella

87
Q

The knee joint is what 3 bones coming together?

A

Femur; patella; tibia

88
Q

What are the lower two leg bones, usually found in what we known as the shin and calf?

A

The tibia and fibula

89
Q

The _______ is larger and usually carries the weight of the body, while the _________ anchors the muscle.

A

Tibia: fibula

90
Q

What three bones come together to form the ankle joint?

A

tibia; fibula; talus

91
Q

The foot has _____ tarsal bones, ______ metatarsals, and _____ phalanges, except for in the big toe, where there is only _____ phalanges.

A

7; 5; 3; 2

92
Q

A _______ is when bones come in contact with other _______, or with cartilage or teeth.

A

joint; bones

93
Q

Name the 3 types of joints.

A

Synovial; fibrous; cartilaginous

94
Q

The most common joint in the body is the ______ joint as it allows the most _______.

A

synovial; movement

95
Q

The gap between the bones of a synovial joint is filled with _________ ________ allowing the bones to be lubricated.

A

synovial fluid

96
Q

Name two examples of synovial joints.

A

Hip joint; elbow joint

97
Q

In a _______ joint, the bones fit tightly together, with LITLLE to NO movement.

A

fibrous

98
Q

Give some examples of a fibrous joint.

A

Teeth in the socket

Joints of the skull

99
Q

A __________ joint are two bones held together by cartilage, with more movement than fibrous but less than synovial.

A

cartilaginous

100
Q

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.

A

Vertebrae

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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