Skeletal System Flashcards by Lindsey Davis

The skeletal system has many functions. Fill in a few. 
Provides \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_.
Generating \_\_\_\_\_ cells.
Allows movement
Stores \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and calcium
Guiding growth of entire \_\_\_\_\_.

support; protection
blood
fat; iron; calcium
body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are 2 sections of the skeletal system: the ______ skeleton and the ______ skeleton.

axial; apendicular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The axial skeleton consists of ____ bones along the _____ axis.

80; midline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The axial skeleton is grouped into bones in the _____, ____, _____, and ______ column.

skull; ribs; sternum; vertebral column

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The appendicular skeleton consists of _____ bones around the ____ and ___ limbs and the ___ and ____ girdles.

126; upper; lower; pelvic; pectoral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The appendicular anchors _____ and allows for _____.

muscles; movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are two bone components. The non-living bone cells called the _____ and the living bone cells called _______.

matrix; osteocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What makes up the matrix, the non-living component of the bone?

water
collagen
protein
calcium phosphate
calcium carbonate crystals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteocytes play a vital part in _____, _____, and ____ of bones.

growth; development; repair

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are osteocytes found in bone?

at the edges of bones and throughout bone matrix in small cavities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are 3 layers to a bone. What are they?

Periosteum; Compact bone; cancellous (spongy) bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The topmost layer of bone is the _______.. It is a layer of ______ tissue and _____ fibers that anchor tendons ad muscles.

periosteum; connective; collagen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of cells in the periosteum that are necessary for growth and repair of bones?

stem and osteoblast cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The periosteum contain nerve _____ and _____, and blood _____.

tissue; endings; vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Under the periosteum, you will find ______ bone, which gives the bone _____.

compact bone; strength

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compact bone is made out of _____ salts and ____ fibers and in its cavities one can find _____.

mineral salts; collagen fibers; osteocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Under a layer of compact bone, there is _____ (spongy) bone at the ends of long bone and vertebrae.

cancellous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spongy bone is less _____, but has a large ____ _____.

dense; surface area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is functional unit of spongy bone and what does it do?

trabecula; provides structural support

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is red bone marrow held in the bone?

the trabecula in the spongy bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The living bone cells of the bone are called the ________.

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cells responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during bone formation are called the ________.

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoblasts _____ bone; osteoclasts ______ bone.

build; crash

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

________ are multi-nucleated cells responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone.

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the process of bone formation called? When does it begin?

Ossification; 3rd month of fetal life

Ossification take what two forms?

Compact bone (80% of skeleton) and cancellous bone

Blasts are _______ bone cells and cytes are _______ bone cells.

Immature; mature

Osteocytes communicate through long channels called the ________; the osteocytes occult this space.

lacunae

What connects the lacunae together?

canaliculi

The process of making blood is called __________.

Hematopoiesis

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

In the red bone marrow

In the red bone marrow, the production of ______ blood cells occurs, along with ________ blood cells.

red; white

What kind of hematopoietic stem cells are RBC and WBC, and platelets, made from?

Myeloid stem cells

T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are formed from ______ stem cells.

lymphoid

Yellow bone marrow is the site for ______ ___________.

Fat storage

Red bone marrow decreases at the end of __________ and is replaced by what?

puberty; yellow bone marrow

Name the 5 types of bones.

Long; Flat; Short; Irregular; Sesamoid

What is the major bone of the limb, often times longer than it is wide?

Long bones

The end of a long limb is called the _________ and the long narrow middle is called the __________.

Epiphysis; diaphysis

In the long bone, red bone marrow is found in the ________, while yellow bone marrow is found in the __________.

epiphysis; diaphysis

The growth plate of a long bone is called the __________.

metaphysis

Name 2 examples of a long bone.

Humerus | Femur

The _______ bone and _______ bone are sites for hematopoiesis.

Long; flat

The long bone provides the framework for _________.

Movement

Short bones are ______ shaped or _____, and are usually as long as they are wide.

Cube; round

Name 2 examples of a short bone.

Carpal bones of the wrist | Tarsal bones of the foot

________ bones are expanded into long, flat plates and their principle function is to extensive _________.

Flat; Protection

Name 3 examples of flat bones.

Ribs Sternum Plates of the skull (occipital, parietal, frontal)

________ bones do not fit the classification of the others, and serve various purposes in the body, like providing structure or protection.

Irregular

Give 2 examples of irregular bones.

Sacrum | Vertebrae

_________ bones are inside tendons across from the joints.

Sesamoid

Sesamoid bones are not present in all people, give an example of 2.

Patella | Pisiform bone

How many bones make up the skull?

The skulls number one function is the protect the ______ and _______ organs for vision, hearing, taste, scent, and balance.

brain; sense organs

What is the only moveable bone in the skull?

Mandible (jaw bone)

The upper part of the skull is called the _______, which protects the brain.

Cranium

The _______ bone is the only bone in the body not attached to any other bone.

hyoid

What is the function of the hyoid bone? 2 functions

To keep the trachea open | To anchor the tongue muscles.

The _________ ________ are important bones that play a role in hearing. Are they apart of the skull?

auditory ossicles; no

Name the 3 auditory ossicles.

Malleus Incus Stapes

The vertebral column is also known as the _______.

spine

The spine runs from the ________ all the way down to the _________.

base of skull; coccyx

There are _______ vertebrae in the spine, plus the ______ and the ______.

24; sacrum; coccyx

Name the 3 groups of the spine.

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar

There are ______ cervical vertebrae.

There are ______ thoracic vertebrae.

There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.

The breastbone is called the _______

sternum

How do the ribs connect to the sternum?

Through cartilage called coastal cartilage.

There are ______ pairs of ribs.

Where to the ribs attach in the back?

The thoracic vertebrae.

The first 7 ribs attach to the _______. Ribs 8-10 attach to the _______ between the ______ and ribs. Ribs 11 and 12 attach to _______.

sternum cartilage;sternum attach to nothing

Ribs 1-10 protect the _______ and ______. Ribs 11 and 12 protect the _______.

heart; lungs | kidneys

The first 7 ribs are known as ______ ribs. Ribs 8-12 are known as the _________ ribs.

true | false

Apart of the appendicular skeleton is the ________ _______, which connects the limbs to the axial skeleton.

pectoral girdle

The pectoral girdle is formed from the L&R ________ and _______.

clavicle; scapula

What 2 bones are the ball and socket of the shoulder joint?

Humerus and scapula

What 2 bones form the elbow joint?

Ulna and the humerus

What bone allows the turning movement of the wrist?

Radius

Your wrist joint is made up of the ________ bones and the 8 _______ bones.

forearm; carpal

The carpal bones connect to 8 ________ bones.

metacarpal

Metacarpal bones connect to the _______, which are the bones of the fingers.

phalanges

How many phalanges are in each finger?

3 in each finger EXCEPT for the thumb, which only has 2

What connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton? This include the left and right ______ bones.

Pelvic Girdle; hip

The hip joint is the product of the _______ bone and the _______, which is the largest bone in the body.

hip; femur

The kneecap is known as the _______.

patella

The knee joint is what 3 bones coming together?

Femur; patella; tibia

What are the lower two leg bones, usually found in what we known as the shin and calf?

The tibia and fibula

The _______ is larger and usually carries the weight of the body, while the _________ anchors the muscle.

Tibia: fibula

What three bones come together to form the ankle joint?

tibia; fibula; talus

The foot has _____ tarsal bones, ______ metatarsals, and _____ phalanges, except for in the big toe, where there is only _____ phalanges.

7; 5; 3; 2

A _______ is when bones come in contact with other _______, or with cartilage or teeth.

joint; bones

Name the 3 types of joints.

Synovial; fibrous; cartilaginous

The most common joint in the body is the ______ joint as it allows the most _______.

synovial; movement

The gap between the bones of a synovial joint is filled with _________ ________ allowing the bones to be lubricated.

synovial fluid

Name two examples of synovial joints.

Hip joint; elbow joint

In a _______ joint, the bones fit tightly together, with LITLLE to NO movement.

fibrous

Give some examples of a fibrous joint.

Teeth in the socket | Joints of the skull

A __________ joint are two bones held together by cartilage, with more movement than fibrous but less than synovial.

cartilaginous

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint.

Vertebrae