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TEAS TEST > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the circulatory system is to circulate ______, _____, and other ________ throughout the body.

A

Gases
Wastes
Substances

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2
Q

The circulatory system is made up of what 3 components?

A

Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels

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3
Q

What are the 2 loops of the circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary

Systemic

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4
Q

The pulmonary loop circulates blood from the _____ to the ______ and functions on the ________ side of the heart.

A

heart; lungs; right

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5
Q

The pulmonary loop of the circulatory system has blood that is _________.

A

deoxygenated

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6
Q

The systemic loop of the heart takes blood from the ______ to the rest of the _______. The blood is ________.

A

heart; body; oxygenated

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7
Q

In the pulmonary circuit, gas exchange takes place in the _______. In the systemic circuit, gas exchange takes place in the ________.

A

Lungs; capillaries

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8
Q

Veins carry blood _______ the heart. Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart.

A

toward; away

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9
Q

Outloud, track the path of blood through the heart and body.

A

Blood flows in through the superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; tricuspid valve; right ventricle; pulmonary valve; R&L pulmonary arteries; deoxygenated blood delivered to lungs; pulmonary veins; left atrium; mitral valve; left ventricle; aortic valve; aorta; aortic arch; oxygenated blood delivered to the body

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10
Q

Name the 2 atrioventricular valves.

A

Tricuspid

Mitral

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11
Q

What muscles in the heart hold the AV Valves into place?

A

Papillary muscles

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12
Q

What connects the AV valves to the papillary muscles? These muscles help the AV valves ______ and ______, keeping blood flowing in the right direction.

A

chordae tedinae; close; open

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13
Q

What part of the heart separates the two ventricles from each other, and remains membranous (thin) in some parts and muscular (thick) in others?

A

Inter-ventricular Septum

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14
Q

A defect in the thin part of the inter ventricular septum, sometimes seen in infants, is called a ____ _____ _____. It is when there is a small _____ that connects the _______.

A

VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect; hole; ventricles

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15
Q

The cavity that houses the heart is called the ______ cavity, that resides in the ________ cavity.

A

pericardial cavity; thoracic cavity

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16
Q

The pericardial cavity is lined by _________, which produces a serous fluid to _______ the heart chamber.

A

pericardium; lubricate

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17
Q

Name the 3 layers of heart muscle.

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (Pericardium)

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18
Q

The thin, inner layer of the heart is the _______, where RBC flow against and come in contact with.

A

Endocardium

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19
Q

The _______ is the biggest chunk of the heart wall, and performs the pumping. This is where the heart gets ______.

A

Myocardium; energy

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20
Q

The inner most layer of the heart is the ________. It has 2 layers.

________ Epicardium
Gap
________ Epicardium

A

epicardium

Visceral epicardium
Parietal epicardium

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21
Q

The epicardium is made of up __________ tissue.

A

connective tissue

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22
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart.

A

Right and left atria

Right and left ventricles

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23
Q

Which ventricle is thicker than the other, as it has to pump blood to the rest of the body?

A

The left; the right only pumps to the lungs.

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24
Q

Name the semilunar valves.

A

Pulmonary

Aortic

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25
Q

The AV valves keep blood from going back into the ______. The semilunar valves keep blood from going back into the ______.

A

atria; ventricles

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26
Q

Depolarization of the heart is going from _______ to _______.

A

negative; positive

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27
Q

The SA Node is a group of cells that ______ by themselves. They have ______, meaning they can start depolarization without being told to by other cells.

A

depolarize; automaticity

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28
Q

The SA Node tells the ______ to contract.

A

atria

29
Q

What connect the SA node cells to its neighboring cells, starting almost a “wave” of depolarization?

A

Gap junctions

30
Q

What bundle depolarizes the left atrium at the same time as the right atrium? It connects the SA Node to cells in the left atrium.

A

Bachmann’s Bundle

31
Q

The SA Node is connected to the AV Node by ________ ________.

A

Internodal tracks

32
Q

Why is there a delay in the electrical conduction between the SA Node and AV Node?

A

There has to be a delay between the atrial and ventricular contraction to allow for the coordination of blood flow. If both pumping at same time, coordination of blood will be off.

33
Q

The AV Node tells the ______ to contract.

A

Ventricles

34
Q

From the AV Node, a signal is sent into the ________ of _____.

A

Bundle of His

35
Q

The Bundle of His splits into the _____ and _____ bundle of His. The left Bundle of His turns into the left anterior and posterior _____.

A

right; left; fascicles

36
Q

The electrical conduction of the heart flows from the bundle of His eventually to the ______ ______, stimulating the ventricles.

A

Perkinje fibers

37
Q

The center of a blood vessel is called the ______.

A

lumen

38
Q

What are the three layers of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica: Intima, Media, and Externa

39
Q

The Tunica Intima is the inner most layer of a blood vessel. It is made up of _______ cells and the ________ membrane.

A

endothelial cells

basement membrane

40
Q

The Tunica Media is the middle layer of the blood vessels and is made up of _______ muscle.

A

Smooth

41
Q

The Tunica Externa is the external layer of the blood vessels and is special as it has small blood vessels that supply it called _____ ______.

A

Vasa vasorum

42
Q

What are the two main veins of the body?

A

Inferior/Superior Vena Cava

43
Q

Veins are _____ and not under as much pressure as _______.

A

thin; arteries

44
Q

Veins that connect to the capillaries are called ________.

A

Venules

45
Q

Arteries come in large/middle sized and small sized. The large size arteries are more elastic as they carry more blood volume. They are elastic because they contain ________.

A

Elastin

46
Q

Small arteries are called _________. They contain tons of ______ and can help create change to resistance if there needs to be a change in _______ _______.

A

arterioles; muscle; blood pressure

47
Q

Arteries that carry blood to the capillaries are called ________

A

Arterioles

48
Q

The smallest blood vessels are called _______.

A

capillaries

49
Q

Capillaries enable cells to exchange what 3 things?

A

Nutrients
Gas
Cellular waste

50
Q

Capillaries connect to _______ on one side and ______ on the other.

A

arterioles; venules

51
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

Continuous; Fenestrated; Discontinuous/Sinusoids

52
Q

The largest artery in the body is the ______.

A

Aorta

53
Q

The aortic arch branches off into what 3 arteries?

A

Brachiocephalic Artery; Left Common Carotid Artery; Left Subclavian Artery

54
Q

The brachiocephalic Artery takes blood to the ______ and _____.

A

Brain; head

55
Q

The brachiocephalic Artery also converges into the ______ _____ _____, which delivers blood to the _____ _____.

A

right subclavian Artery; right arm

56
Q

The left common carotid Artery delivers blood to the ______.

A

Brain

57
Q

The left subclavian Artery delivers blood to the _____ _____.

A

left arm

58
Q

What artery supplies the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

59
Q

The ________ _______ delivers blood to the abdomen and lower body and pelvis through the ______ arteries

A

descending aorta; iliac arteries

60
Q

The only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood are the ______ ______.

A

pulmonary veins

61
Q

Veins rely on _______, _______ _____, and ______ to get blood to the heart.

A

inertia; muscle work; gravity

62
Q

Blood is made up of what 5 components?

A 
RBCs
Hemoglobin
WBC
Platelets
Plasma
63
Q

RBCs are also known as _________ and produced in the _____ ____ _______.

A

erythrocytes; red bone marrow

64
Q

The main function of RBCs are to transport _______. They have a large surface area due to their _______ shape.

A

oxygen; biconcave

65
Q

The red pigment in RBCs is called _______. It is rich in ______ and _______, allowing the cells to transport oxygen.

A

hemoglobin; iron; protein

66
Q

WBCs are also called __________, and are stored in the ________ system. They make up less than ______% of the TBV.

A

leukocytes; lymph system; 1%

67
Q

Platelets are also known as _________ and are vital for ______ _______. Where are these formed?

A

thrombocytes; blood clotting; red bone marrow

68
Q

The liquid part of blood is known as the _________, making up 55% of the total volume.

A

Plasma

69
Q

What makes up plasma?

A 
Proteins
Glucose
Nutrients
Cell waste
Various gases

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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