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Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the circulatory system is to circulate ______, _____, and other ________ throughout the body.

A

Gases
Wastes
Substances

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2
Q

The circulatory system is made up of what 3 components?

A

Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels

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3
Q

What are the 2 loops of the circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary

Systemic

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4
Q

The pulmonary loop circulates blood from the _____ to the ______ and functions on the ________ side of the heart.

A

heart; lungs; right

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5
Q

The pulmonary loop of the circulatory system has blood that is _________.

A

deoxygenated

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6
Q

The systemic loop of the heart takes blood from the ______ to the rest of the _______. The blood is ________.

A

heart; body; oxygenated

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7
Q

In the pulmonary circuit, gas exchange takes place in the _______. In the systemic circuit, gas exchange takes place in the ________.

A

Lungs; capillaries

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8
Q

Veins carry blood _______ the heart. Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart.

A

toward; away

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9
Q

Outloud, track the path of blood through the heart and body.

A

Blood flows in through the superior and inferior vena cava; right atrium; tricuspid valve; right ventricle; pulmonary valve; R&L pulmonary arteries; deoxygenated blood delivered to lungs; pulmonary veins; left atrium; mitral valve; left ventricle; aortic valve; aorta; aortic arch; oxygenated blood delivered to the body

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10
Q

Name the 2 atrioventricular valves.

A

Tricuspid

Mitral

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11
Q

What muscles in the heart hold the AV Valves into place?

A

Papillary muscles

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12
Q

What connects the AV valves to the papillary muscles? These muscles help the AV valves ______ and ______, keeping blood flowing in the right direction.

A

chordae tedinae; close; open

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13
Q

What part of the heart separates the two ventricles from each other, and remains membranous (thin) in some parts and muscular (thick) in others?

A

Inter-ventricular Septum

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14
Q

A defect in the thin part of the inter ventricular septum, sometimes seen in infants, is called a ____ _____ _____. It is when there is a small _____ that connects the _______.

A

VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect; hole; ventricles

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15
Q

The cavity that houses the heart is called the ______ cavity, that resides in the ________ cavity.

A

pericardial cavity; thoracic cavity

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16
Q

The pericardial cavity is lined by _________, which produces a serous fluid to _______ the heart chamber.

A

pericardium; lubricate

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17
Q

Name the 3 layers of heart muscle.

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (Pericardium)

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18
Q

The thin, inner layer of the heart is the _______, where RBC flow against and come in contact with.

A

Endocardium

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19
Q

The _______ is the biggest chunk of the heart wall, and performs the pumping. This is where the heart gets ______.

A

Myocardium; energy

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20
Q

The inner most layer of the heart is the ________. It has 2 layers.

________ Epicardium
Gap
________ Epicardium

A

epicardium

Visceral epicardium
Parietal epicardium

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21
Q

The epicardium is made of up __________ tissue.

A

connective tissue

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22
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart.

A

Right and left atria

Right and left ventricles

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23
Q

Which ventricle is thicker than the other, as it has to pump blood to the rest of the body?

A

The left; the right only pumps to the lungs.

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24
Q

Name the semilunar valves.

A

Pulmonary

Aortic

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25
The AV valves keep blood from going back into the ______. The semilunar valves keep blood from going back into the ______.
atria; ventricles
26
Depolarization of the heart is going from _______ to _______.
negative; positive
27
The SA Node is a group of cells that ______ by themselves. They have ______, meaning they can start depolarization without being told to by other cells.
depolarize; automaticity
28
The SA Node tells the ______ to contract.
atria
29
What connect the SA node cells to its neighboring cells, starting almost a “wave” of depolarization?
Gap junctions
30
What bundle depolarizes the left atrium at the same time as the right atrium? It connects the SA Node to cells in the left atrium.
Bachmann’s Bundle
31
The SA Node is connected to the AV Node by ________ ________.
Internodal tracks
32
Why is there a delay in the electrical conduction between the SA Node and AV Node?
There has to be a delay between the atrial and ventricular contraction to allow for the coordination of blood flow. If both pumping at same time, coordination of blood will be off.
33
The AV Node tells the ______ to contract.
Ventricles
34
From the AV Node, a signal is sent into the ________ of _____.
Bundle of His
35
The Bundle of His splits into the _____ and _____ bundle of His. The left Bundle of His turns into the left anterior and posterior _____.
right; left; fascicles
36
The electrical conduction of the heart flows from the bundle of His eventually to the ______ ______, stimulating the ventricles.
Perkinje fibers
37
The center of a blood vessel is called the ______.
lumen
38
What are the three layers of a blood vessel?
Tunica: Intima, Media, and Externa
39
The Tunica Intima is the inner most layer of a blood vessel. It is made up of _______ cells and the ________ membrane.
endothelial cells | basement membrane
40
The Tunica Media is the middle layer of the blood vessels and is made up of _______ muscle.
Smooth
41
The Tunica Externa is the external layer of the blood vessels and is special as it has small blood vessels that supply it called _____ ______.
Vasa vasorum
42
What are the two main veins of the body?
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava
43
Veins are _____ and not under as much pressure as _______.
thin; arteries
44
Veins that connect to the capillaries are called ________.
Venules
45
Arteries come in large/middle sized and small sized. The large size arteries are more elastic as they carry more blood volume. They are elastic because they contain ________.
Elastin
46
Small arteries are called _________. They contain tons of ______ and can help create change to resistance if there needs to be a change in _______ _______.
arterioles; muscle; blood pressure
47
Arteries that carry blood to the capillaries are called ________
Arterioles
48
The smallest blood vessels are called _______.
capillaries
49
Capillaries enable cells to exchange what 3 things?
Nutrients Gas Cellular waste
50
Capillaries connect to _______ on one side and ______ on the other.
arterioles; venules
51
What are the 3 types of capillaries?
Continuous; Fenestrated; Discontinuous/Sinusoids
52
The largest artery in the body is the ______.
Aorta
53
The aortic arch branches off into what 3 arteries?
Brachiocephalic Artery; Left Common Carotid Artery; Left Subclavian Artery
54
The brachiocephalic Artery takes blood to the ______ and _____.
Brain; head
55
The brachiocephalic Artery also converges into the ______ _____ _____, which delivers blood to the _____ _____.
right subclavian Artery; right arm
56
The left common carotid Artery delivers blood to the ______.
Brain
57
The left subclavian Artery delivers blood to the _____ _____.
left arm
58
What artery supplies the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
59
The ________ _______ delivers blood to the abdomen and lower body and pelvis through the ______ arteries
descending aorta; iliac arteries
60
The only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood are the ______ ______.
pulmonary veins
61
Veins rely on _______, _______ _____, and ______ to get blood to the heart.
inertia; muscle work; gravity
62
Blood is made up of what 5 components?
``` RBCs Hemoglobin WBC Platelets Plasma ```
63
RBCs are also known as _________ and produced in the _____ ____ _______.
erythrocytes; red bone marrow
64
The main function of RBCs are to transport _______. They have a large surface area due to their _______ shape.
oxygen; biconcave
65
The red pigment in RBCs is called _______. It is rich in ______ and _______, allowing the cells to transport oxygen.
hemoglobin; iron; protein
66
WBCs are also called __________, and are stored in the ________ system. They make up less than ______% of the TBV.
leukocytes; lymph system; 1%
67
Platelets are also known as _________ and are vital for ______ _______. Where are these formed?
thrombocytes; blood clotting; red bone marrow
68
The liquid part of blood is known as the _________, making up 55% of the total volume.
Plasma
69
What makes up plasma?
``` Proteins Glucose Nutrients Cell waste Various gases ```

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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