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TEAS TEST > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system is responsible for the ______ and ______ of food and the removal of food _____ _____.

A

intake; processing; waste products.

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2
Q

The GI tracts consists of the organs through which food passes on its way through the body. Try to name the 6.

A 
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestines
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3
Q

What are some accessory organs to the digestive system, meaning that while food does not pass directly through them, they still have a role in processing food?

A 
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
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4
Q

Oral cavity aka the _____.

A

mouth

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5
Q

The digestive system begins with the ______, which contains ______ that aid in digestion.

A

mouth; teeth

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6
Q

Teeth are made out of ______.

A

dentin

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7
Q

What accessory organ is also in the mouth, that contains the taste buds and moves food around as it is processed by the teeth?

A

tongue

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8
Q

The ______ _____ produce saliva.

A

salivary glands

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9
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there? The saliva they produce lubricates and digests ______.

A

3; carbohydrates

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10
Q

What is the tube that enables the passage of food and air further into the body?

A

pharynx

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11
Q

The needs the help of what respiratory organ?

A

the epiglottis

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12
Q

The epiglottis allows food to pass from the pharynx into the _______, by closing up the covering to the ______.

A

esophagus; larynx

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13
Q

When you breathe in, is the esophagus open or closed?

A

closed - so air can pass only into the larynx

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14
Q

A _______ is any circular muscle that controls movement of substances through passageways.

A

sphincter

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15
Q

What begins at the pharynx and carries food all the way to stomach?

A

esophagus

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16
Q

During vomiting, the ______ helps push food ____.

A

esophagus; up

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17
Q

What are on opposite ends of the esophagus, closing when food is not passing through?

A

two rings of muscle called sphincters

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18
Q

When does heartburn occur?

A

When the bottom sphincter of the esophagus cannot close entirely and allows the contents of the stomach to enter the esophagus.

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19
Q

What part of the stomach connects it to the esophagus? This is also where the lower sphincter of the esophagus is located.

A

cardia

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20
Q

The largest part of the stomach is called the _____.

A

body

21
Q

The last part of the stomach is the _____, located beneath the body. The part of the stomach located above the body is called the _____.

A

pylorus; fundus

22
Q

The pylorus controls the passage of partially digested food further down the GI tract through the ______ sphincter.

A

pyloric

23
Q

Name the 4 layers of tissue that make up the stomach.

A

Mucosa - innermost
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

24
Q

What tissue layer of stomach secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes? The cells that secrete these products are located in pores called what?

A

mucosa; gastric pits

25
Q

Around the mucosa tissue layer of stomach is the _______, which is made up of _______ tissue.

A

submucosa; connective tissue

26
Q

The submucosa contains _____ and _____ ______.

A

nerves; blood vessels

27
Q

What layer of tissue in the stomach enables the movement? It is made up of how many layers of smooth muscle?

A

muscularis; 3

28
Q

The outermost layer of the stomach is called the ______. It secretes _____ ____ to keep the stomach wet and reduce friction between the stomach and surrounding organs.

A

serosa; serous fluid

29
Q

After the stomach comes the digestive organ the _____ _____.

A

small intestine

30
Q

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum; jejunum; ileum

31
Q

What part of the small intestine receives the food and chemicals from the stomach?

A

duodenum

32
Q

What part of the small intestine are the nutrients of our food absorbed into our blood?

A

jejunum

33
Q

After the jejunum, leftover nutrients continue being absorbed in the _____.

A

ileum

34
Q

What on the walls of the small intestine increase the surface area available for absorption?

A

villi

35
Q

The liver aids in digestion by producing _____, which aids in the digestion of fats.

A

bile

36
Q

What organ stores and releases bile after it is produced?

A

gallbladder

37
Q

After the skin, the largest organ in the body is the ______.

A

liver

38
Q

The liver is involved in the _______ of blood, storage of ______, and production of blood _____.

A

detoxification; nutrients; plasma

39
Q

Is the liver and pancreas necessarily a part of the GI tract?

A

no - they just play roles in digestion

40
Q

The pancreas secretes what hormones that help control blood sugar levels?

A

insulin; glucagon

41
Q

The pancreas is an _______ and ______ gland, meaning it is a heterocrine gland.

A

endocrine; exocrine

42
Q

_______ glands release substances directly into the bloodstream while ______ glands release chemical substances through ducts either outside the body or to other surfaces of the body.

A

endocrine; exocrine

43
Q

How is the pancreas an endocrine gland?

A

it releases insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream

44
Q

How is the pancreas an exocrine gland?

A

it produces digestive enzymes that pass into the small intestine

45
Q

Name the enzymes the pancreas produces to digest nucleic acids.

A

ribonuclease; deoxyribonuclease

46
Q

Name the enzyme that the pancreas produces to break down large polysaccharides into smaller sugars.

A

pancreatic amylase

47
Q

Does any digestion take place in the large intestine?

A

No - it absorbs water and leftover vitamins

48
Q

The large intestine carries waste to the ______ to be expelled through the _____.

A

rectum; anus

TEAS TEST (15 decks)

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